As the 1968 Bilingual Education Act (BEA) reaches its 50th anniversary, we provide a critical historical review of its contradictory origins and legacy. By distilling the BEA's history into three periods that we label "power to the people," "pride for the people," and "profit from the people," we demonstrate that the…

This article traces the ways in which New York City schools have responded to the multilingualism of its children in the last forty years. I review here the past to construct the future--the future of the past. I argue that in the predominantly Puerto Rican community of the 1960s and 1970s a simple approach toward languages and bilingualism in…

In this article, Luis O. Reyes provides a retrospective of the historic 1974 Aspira Consent Decree between the New York City Board of Education and Aspira of New York, which established bilingual instruction as a legally enforceable federal entitlement for New York City's non-English-speaking Puerto Rican and Latino students. Reyes analyzes the…

Describes the educational impact of the migration of Puerto Rican children into Pennsylvania, and the development of programs for them under Titles I and VII of the Elementary Secondary Education Act. (JM)

This publication was compiled from a number of smaller manuscripts dealing with various aspects of Puerto Rican history, civilization, and culture. The book is designed to: (1) provide teachers of middle school and high school students with instructional material which covers all these aspects in a related sequential manner; and (2) provide…

The data collected for this study of attitudes of Puerto Rican parents toward bilingual education were obtained from parents whose children attend schools in Chicago's District 6 having bilingual programs. A 39 item attitude inventory was developed and administered to 150 parents: 75 of them parents with children enrolled in a bilingual program,…

The contents of this annotated bibliography are divided into six parts, prefaced by a general description of the conditions and problems of the Puerto Ricans on the United States mainland. Part I comprises a list of general bibliographies. Part II concerns "The island experience," and first lists general works and then specific works.…

This paper focuses on the Bilingual Department of the Boston Public Schools and how with the financial and technical support of the Institute for Learning and Teaching, funded in part under Title VII of the 1965 Elementary Secondary Education Act, it devised effective inservice training programs for bilingual teachers. Two points are of particular…

This pamphlet presents a description of 23 bilingual programs funded by Title VII, ESEA in New York City. Information includes a description and list of objectives for each program and the number of participants when applicable. (SK)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the reasons behind governmental decisions leading to the "English-only" instruction policy in the public schools and the recent softening of this policy by various state and local governments. The author's thesis is that such policies have considered neither the advantages which the child may have…

This report has a descriptive and evaluative delineation of those programs which have been (or are being) developed for Puerto Rican students in the public schools of Jersey City. The data of the report have been gathered in those schools with large Puerto Rican constituencies, and have been cast in the perspectives afforded by discussions with…

This booklet is designed to acquaint the reader with some of the most basic provisions of ESEA, Title VII and to give him some idea how these funds are currently being used in New York State. The first part provides a general survey of ESEA, Title VII; the second is devoted to describing the programs in bilingual education currently being funded…

There are two purposes to this study: (1) to provide a rationale for bilingual education in Chicago based on history and the characteristics of the Spanish-speaking students; and (2) to propose an innovative model for a bilingual-bicultural program. American attempts at bilingual education in the public and non-public elementary schools from…

This collection includes several papers each on the legal aspects of bilingual education, the politics of implementing bilingual programs, the role of the community in establishing and maintaining bilingual programs, and bilingual program models. In addition, individual papers treat: (1) the impact of research on programs and policy, (2) the role…

A longitudinal sociological study was conducted on the impact of the implementation of the Bilingual Education Act and the Aspira consent decree in New York City. The study sought to develop a theoretical framework for analyzing the participation of the Puerto Rican community ln the implementation of the bilingual education policies. The question…