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Direct linkZijian Li; Boya Li; Yung-Ting Tsou; Carolien Rieffe – Early Education and Development, 2025
Research Findings: Empathy plays an important role in children's early social-emotional development. However, there are not many instruments available for measuring the different aspects/levels of empathy in preschool children. Moreover, few studies examined the validity of the existing measures for empathy in Chinese children. The present study…
Descriptors: Empathy, Questionnaires, Preschool Children, Foreign Countries
Yanjing Cao; Chenchen Xu; Shan Lu; Qi Li; Jing Xiao – Psychology in the Schools, 2025
The patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is widely utilized in assessing individuals' depression levels. Nevertheless, research regarding its factor structure and measurement invariance remains inadequate. The aim of this study was to delve into the factor structure of the PHQ-9 and to further investigate its measurement invariance across gender…
Descriptors: Factor Structure, Error of Measurement, Factor Analysis, Age Differences
