This study critically examines the literacy levels of undergraduate students in Pakistan to compare and contrast the proficiency levels, particularly reading and writing of their mother tongues versus Urdu and English, and to study real and perceived vitality of local/regional mother tongues vis-à-vis Urdu and English. The research investigated…

This article is located in the debates concerning the continued problems underlying the cultural politics of English-speaking Western countries' Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) programmes and "Western" pedagogies. It examines two Saudi TESOL teachers' pedagogical enactments in their home teaching contexts after…

Background: In contrast to the top-down government-designated school choice programmes in many countries, e.g. in the UK and USA in particular, school choice in the Chinese context is a bottom-up movement initiated by parents and is characterised by the payment of a substantial "choice fee" to the preferred school, and by competition by…