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Dik, Bryan J.; Eldridge, Brandy M.; Steger, Michael F.; Duffy, Ryan D. – Journal of Career Assessment, 2012
Research on work as a calling is limited by measurement concerns. In response, the authors introduce the multidimensional Calling and Vocation Questionnaire (CVQ) and the Brief Calling scale (BCS), instruments assessing presence of, and search for, a calling. Study 1 describes CVQ development using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis…
Descriptors: Multitrait Multimethod Techniques, Construct Validity, Validity, Test Reliability
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Wu, Chia-Huei; Chen, Lung Hung – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2010
In 2001, Elliot and McGregor proposed a 2 x 2 (mastery-performance x approach- avoidance) achievement goal frameworks and developed a questionnaire to measure four goals (mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals). This study examines the dual meanings of items in 2 x 2 achievement goal…
Descriptors: Questionnaires, Achievement, Objectives, Factor Analysis