This study investigated the online university students' attitudes toward nonmedical prescription stimulant (NPS) use for cognitive enhancement, recreation, or as a negative effector. While there have been numerous studies done on the physical campus university students' attitudes toward NPS use, there has not been a study done on the online university students' attitudes. Three research questions were asked in this study: Is there a relationship between the predictor variables of class level, age, and gender, and online university students' attitudes toward (a) stimulant use for academics as a cognitive enhancer; (b) stimulant use for recreation; and (c) stimulant nonuse due to the negative physiological effects? The study consisted of 100 online university students, both male and female, ranging in age from 18 to 64-years-old, and from freshmen to the doctoral student level. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and the Stimulant Medication Outcome Expectancy Questionnaire (Labbe & Maisto, 2010). Multiple regression was utilized to analyze the data from the participants' self-reported answers. Contrary to expectations, no relationship was found between the predictor variables of age, class level, and gender of the online university students with the students' attitudes toward NPS for recreation and as a negative effector. However, there was a statistically significant relationship ( p < 0.05) discovered between the predictor variables of age, class level, and gender of the online university students and the students' attitudes toward NPS use for cognitive enhancement. The study concludes with recommendations for further research. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]