Second language (L2) listening comprehension is a function of many variables. We focused on metacognitive awareness, which we measured using the Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ; Vandergrift et al., 2006), and meta-analyzed (a) the factor structure of the MALQ and (b) the relationship between metacognitive awareness and L2…

There has been an increase in peer violence in Vietnam. Although normative beliefs approving aggression have been considered an important factor in the development of peer violence in Western countries, few studies examine the factor in Vietnamese context. This limitation may be due to the lack of a validated scale used to evaluate the factor. The…

Nationally, teacher candidates struggle to pass the Praxis examination, which they need to be licensed. Little research has been done to examine the characteristics and learning strategies of teacher candidates who pass and who do not pass the Praxis examination. Studies have shown benefits in the use of self-regulation and achievement in courses…

Strategies in reading are viewed as essential tools needed to increase comprehension and learning from text. Especially in large-scale assessments, reliable and economic measures of reading strategies are needed which are valid to assess the strategy-performance relation. Questionnaire-based self-report measures are very popular but often fail to…

Women are increasingly being hired as online adjunct faculty, so it is important to examine the different indicators that contribute to their overall job satisfaction. The purpose of this quantitative study is to examine the relationships between female online adjunct faculty's perceptions of job satisfaction and supervisor leadership style at…

This essay presents the reflections of four Education Doctorate (EdD) students on the pilot testing strategies used during an online research methods course. Rigorous questionnaire and interview development skills are challenging to acquire. Pilot testing is an under-researched stage of instrument design, yet it is crucial to ensure validity and…

This case study provides insights into the effective design and administration of online questionnaires and interviews. The discussions and reflections are based on a research project carried out within the Middle East and North Africa region, investigating the growing status of English and its ramifications on the linguistic and educational…

Empirically based tools to map education for sustainable development within school organisations are not readily available, which is both a cause and a consequence of the scarce empirical and quantitative research on school organisations and education for sustainable development. In present study, the Education for Sustainable Development School…

Validity in psychometrics refers to the degree to which evidence and theory supports the interpretations drawn from a test, and Messick's Contemporary Validity Theory (1994) includes several facets with well-established evidence collection methods. However, there is a lack of consensus on appropriate methods of evaluating the facet of…

The purpose of this research was to organize a cross-cultural adaptation study and analyze the reproducibility and test-retest reliability of the Infant Sensory Profile 2 (ISP2Br) to Brazilian babies. It was hypothesized that the instrument would be validated for use with Brazilian babies. The English language version of the profile was translated…

Executive functions (EFs) refer to a set of cognitive skills used to achieve goals and adapt to novelty and social situations. These cognitive skills strongly impact people's daily lives. Hence, assessing these skills is important for an early intervention to address their lack if need be. Nevertheless, relevant scientific literature reports…

Identifying characteristics of an engaging online learning environment plays a crucial role in fostering student engagement and academic development in online learning. This body of research, however, has been impeded by the fragmentation with regards to the conceptualization and measurement of students' perception of characteristics of an…

Although cyber victimization has been suggested as a significant risk factor for the development of adolescents' depression, the underlying psychopathological process that mediates this relationship needs further exploration. Based on the psychological inflexibility model, this study aimed to examine cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance as…

The questionnaire method has always been an important research method in psychology. The increasing prevalence of multidimensional trait measures in psychological research has led researchers to use longer questionnaires. However, questionnaires that are too long will inevitably reduce the quality of the completed questionnaires and the efficiency…

Artificial intelligence (AI) literacy is at the top of the agenda for education today in developing learners' AI knowledge, skills, attitudes and values in the 21st century. However, there are few validated research instruments for educators to examine how secondary students develop and perceive their learning outcomes. After reviewing the…