Women have been underrepresented, and even excluded from academic life throughout history. As countries look to address ongoing inequality in academia, state-mandated gender quotas for academic boards and committees have emerged as a recommended practice in Europe. Although an increasing number of countries have adopted this policy model, little…

The paper examines a 'circulatory' system of gender inequity in Australian universities where gender bias prevents women from accessing senior decision-making roles and stultifies their capacity to act as gender change agents. It has been mooted that equity quotas for senior roles can derail this circuit of male privilege in academia. Yet a…

Reviews Thomas Sowell's book, Civil Rights: Rhetoric or Reality. Argues that Sowell, a critic of affirmative action, rejects the central premises of the civil rights vision and believes that free market forces, demographic trends, culture, and individual choice account for existing race and sex-based statistical disparity. (SA)

In defining the concept of democratic capitalism, the author supports the idea that the goal of economic equity in our society is best served by ensuring equality of opportunity, not imposing equality of results. (MD)

Reviews the need for affirmative action goals in effective equal employment opportunity programs, and discusses the confusion caused by the Reagan Administration's opposition to numerical objectives as established in the Supreme Court's 1979 Weber decision. (SK)

When public institutions have been found guilty of discrimination, court-ordered racial quotas take precedence over both seniority and tenure. Since the Constitution is the basic law of the land, rights based on it supersede those derived from state law or contracts. (LHW)

The intervention of government to require speeial treatment of designated groups on the basis of race, color, or sex is inconsistent with principles of equal treatment under American law. Regardless of past discrimination against certain classes, governmental determination to favor them at the expense of White males is not justified. (Author/WI)

Examines reasons given for affirmative action quotas for minorities and asserts that such justifications as reparation and mitigation of poverty do not apply to women as a group. Thus argues that women should be treated fairly as individuals but that quotas make no sense. (GC)

This report, part of Rand's Labor and Population Studies Program, delves into sources of black/white income differentials. This report has as its purpose, the use of employment quotas as an analytical device for devising a priori notions of what the effects of government attempts to reduce employment discrimination might be. Following a formal…

Contrasts two views of affirmative action: (1) centralizing control over affirmative action with quotas and (2) making employment decisions that are consistent with sound business principles but which counteract prejudice, expand opportunities for underrepresented groups, and recognize labor market distortions that are unjustified by business…

Several court cases concerning affirmative action programs both in education and in employment are reviewed in light of Titles VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act. Implications of past court decisions are discussed, as are possible future decisions. (MC)

In this position paper on affirmative action prepared by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights it is noted that the single most important occurrence in the evolution of equal employment law was the recognition by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the Supreme Court of the U.S. that the mandate of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 could…

As a result of the Bakke case, it may be expected that the use of inflexible goals and quotas based on racial preference will diminish, at least in those cases in which there has been no official finding of past discrimination. Available from Executive Enterprises Publications Co., Inc., 33 West 60th Street, New York, New York 10023; $48.00/year.…

Argues that the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has betrayed its historic commitment to individual liberties by defending racial preferences. It discusses the ACLU's shift to using civil liberties as a means toward the construction of an egalitarian social order, including its embrace of racial quotas. Included is a discussion of the…

Illustrates how the Supreme Court has been divided in its 1989 decisions on affirmative action. Reviews the following cases: City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.; Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins; Wards Cove Packing Company, Inc. v. Antonio; Martin v. Wilks; Lorance v. AT&T Technologies, Inc.; Patterson v. McLean Credit Union; and Jett v. Dallas…