Discrimination is a structured way of abusing people based on racial differences, hence barring them from accessing wealth, political participation and engagement in many spheres of human life. Racism and discrimination are inherently rooted in institutions in the society, the problem has spread across many social segments of the society including…

Uses a question-and-answer format to amplify the "Weber" decision and explain how the case affects an employer. Is particularly concerned with the role of quotas in affirmative action plans. (IRT)

Outlines major unanswered questions raised by the "Weber" case, such as how voluntary the quota system at Kaiser was, the union's duty of fair representation, and the nature of permissible benign quota systems. (IRT)

Presents a history of the numerical basis of federal affirmative action programs. Focuses particularly on the Philadelphia Plan and congressional activity since the mid-1960s. Argues that numbers have played a necessary role in attempts to alleviate racial discrimination. (KH)

"Affirmative action" is the term typically used to refer to two contrasting values: the value of equal opportunity and the value of equal results. The Justice Department under the Reagan Administration, however, draws a clear distinction between the two, and is committed to the "original" meaning of affirmative action. That is,…

The intervention of government to require speeial treatment of designated groups on the basis of race, color, or sex is inconsistent with principles of equal treatment under American law. Regardless of past discrimination against certain classes, governmental determination to favor them at the expense of White males is not justified. (Author/WI)

The Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights in the Department of Justice believes that emphasis on quality, not quotas, will assure equal educational opportunity for all postsecondary students. (SK)

Recent litigation attacking affirmative action illustrates the need for competitive college admissions programs that avoid quota systems. The "Hopwood" decision overstepped its authority by rejecting Justice Powell's opinion in "Bakke." College admission programs must defend the use of racial consciousness by separating…

Contrasts two views of affirmative action: (1) centralizing control over affirmative action with quotas and (2) making employment decisions that are consistent with sound business principles but which counteract prejudice, expand opportunities for underrepresented groups, and recognize labor market distortions that are unjustified by business…

Several court cases concerning affirmative action programs both in education and in employment are reviewed in light of Titles VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act. Implications of past court decisions are discussed, as are possible future decisions. (MC)

Following the desegregationists' victory in "Brown v. Board of Education" in 1954, there came a succession of gains for desegregation, until a new phenomenon developed in "Bakke v. Regents of University of California" in 1973. Since Bakke's grades and test scores were higher than those of some minority applicants admitted to…

As a result of the Bakke case, it may be expected that the use of inflexible goals and quotas based on racial preference will diminish, at least in those cases in which there has been no official finding of past discrimination. Available from Executive Enterprises Publications Co., Inc., 33 West 60th Street, New York, New York 10023; $48.00/year.…

Illustrates how the Supreme Court has been divided in its 1989 decisions on affirmative action. Reviews the following cases: City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.; Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins; Wards Cove Packing Company, Inc. v. Antonio; Martin v. Wilks; Lorance v. AT&T Technologies, Inc.; Patterson v. McLean Credit Union; and Jett v. Dallas…

In the July 1999 issue of this journal (EJ 591 141) Philip T. K. Daniel and Kyle Edward Timken contend that the Fifth Circuit "Hopwood" decision overstepped its authority by rejecting Justice Powell's opinion in "Bakke." Introduces article by Michael Rosman (EA 537 542) that takes strong issue with Daniel and Timken contending…