School education in Germany is under the responsibility of the federal states and as a consequence average grades differ widely across regions. Since school leavers apply nationwide for admission to university, regional provenance may thus matter a lot for the success probability in the admission process. Using a comprehensive dataset of the…

With its forces stretched thin by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Army is looking to significantly expand the number of Reserve Officers' Training Corps programs on college campuses for the first time since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, which led the Army to close more than 80 programs. At the University of Maryland-Baltimore County…

The federal accountability system, made universal through the No Child Left Behind Act of 2002, is a system driven by quotas and sanctions, stipulating the progression of underperforming schools through sanctions based on meeting performance quotas for specific demographic groups. The authors examine whether the current federal accountability…

In Central Asia, the post-Soviet transformation period has been accompanied by significant economic and social costs, including the widening of the gender gaps in politics, economy and the social sphere. Tajikistan, which receives the largest amount of international aid and has the worst record of gender inequity in Central Asia, has quickly…

In China, the access to education is determined by not only student's demand for schooling, but also the allocation of educational resources and the schools' selection of candidate students. Based on the data obtained from the rural life level and rural social assistance household surveys in four provinces in 2005, the demand-identified bivariate…

Argues that quotas are an inefficient means of achieving protectionist goals. Elaborates that, for a given distortion of trade, national income will be lower, and for a given configuration of political-economic forces, the market for protection will yield a worse distortion under a quota regime. (BSR)

Holds that one way of addressing the disproportionate representation of Blacks in professional basketball, especially in the National Basketball Association, is to encourage White youngsters to practice and excel as much as Black youngsters. (GC)

The latest battle between India's increasingly successful haves and left-behind have-nots is playing out in the country's educational system. India's Supreme Court recently upheld a stay against a quota system for low-caste and historically oppressed Indians, who are officially called Other Backward Classes. The decision could halt quotas for…

Utilizing a faculty-flow model, the impact of tenure quotas is analyzed, the implications for faculty staffing patterns and institutional innovation are suggested, and a tenure prospect ratio is introduced as an alternative. (Author/PG)

This is a summary and review by the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) of the report to Congress on March 1, 1981, of the Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy. The Commission's recommendations on aspects of illegal immigration, including enforcement and the hiring of immigrants, are summarized and examined. The…

Tenure saturation coupled with declining enrollments, abolishment of general university requirements, program diversity, and affirmative action programs make tenure an issue. These factors are representative of many facing university management today. Serious examination of the concept of tenure reveals that 85 percent of all colleges have tenure,…

Outlines what reverse discrimination is and is not, and argues that the constitution is color-blind. Available from University of Richmond Law Review, School of Law, University of Richmond, VA 23173. (IRT)

Discusses the rapidly rising rate of Japan's population and that country's attempts to secure and promote older worker employment. Such measures include using employment quotas, raising the retirement age, and advocating continued employment. (Author/CT)

Reviews Thomas Sowell's book, Civil Rights: Rhetoric or Reality. Argues that Sowell, a critic of affirmative action, rejects the central premises of the civil rights vision and believes that free market forces, demographic trends, culture, and individual choice account for existing race and sex-based statistical disparity. (SA)