Until the 1970s, there were few signs of change in the historic difference of one standard deviation between average ability or achievement test scores of black and white students. From 1970 to the mid-to-late 1980s, there was a substantial convergence of the average achievement test scores of blacks and whites. From the mid-to-late 1980s to 1992,…

Models which describe assumptions concerning the distribution of intellectual capacity are: (1) the differential distribution model, encompassing theories that consider differences in intelligence genetic; (2) the normal distribution model; and (3) the evenly distributed model, focusing on the similarity of intellectual potentials within the human…

The purpose of this paper is to present some preliminary findings on the effects of racial status, socioeconomic status (SES), and measured ability (MA) upon academic performance of students in a liberal arts college. Preliminary analyses of academic performance (cumulative grade point averages and semester-by-semester grade point averages) among…

Relationship between ability tests and race and issues of famous lawsuits concerning possible bias in intelligence tests are summarized. Reasons for the origins of ethnic and racial differences in general intellectual ability are considered. Prospects for the reduction of group differences and conflicts are discussed. (SLD)

Using methods employed by Chaikin et al (1974) and Chaikin and Derlega (1978) to determine when tutors are susceptible to expectancy effects and whether expectancies lead to discrimination against low ability students, black undergraduates (N=76) taught a lesson on fire safety at home to a 10-year-old boy. Two black male and two white male…

Three themes have dominated the sociology of education: the sub-cultural thesis, the socio-cultural advantage thesis, and the biogenetic thesis. With regards to the last, one should try to account for differences in the behavior of identifiable social groups by looking for social causes. The relationship between the strength of the bonds attaching…

In these hearings, the following witnesses presented testimony: Dr. Henry E. Garrett, Chairman, Psychology Department (Emeritus), Columbia University; Dr. Arthur R. Jensen, Professor of Educational Psychology, University of California at Berkeley; Dr. Frank C. J. McGurk, Professor of Psychology, University of Montevallo; Dr. R. Travis Osborne,…

Analyzing data from the High School and Beyond survey on the behavior of 13,000 high school sophomore women over a two-year period, this document reveals the following facts about single motherhood: (1) young women with different background profiles exhibit markedly different rates of single parenthood; (2) because teenage women who become single…

Robert L. Thorndike was awarded the Educational Testing Service (ETS) Measurement Award at the 1972 ETS Invitational Conference. In "Heredity, Environment, and Class or Ethnic Differences," J. McV. Hunt addressed several fundamental questions pertaining to the hereditary and environmental influences of the observed social class and ethnic…