This article reviews literature that suggests: (1) the need to investigate Black counselor-client relationships; (2) particular psychological needs of Black males; (3) the role of the black female in counseling Black males; and (4) implications for future research, practice, and training. (Author)

This article reviews the writings and research efforts of theorists who have examined the counseling relationship when the counselor is white and the client is black. The author presents some recommendations concerning counselor behavior in such situations. (Author/EJT)

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between race and the level of understanding between counselor and client. Inter- and intraracial differences in understanding during an initial counseling interview also were investigated. Overall, white counselors understood both white and black counselees better than did black…

General review of research on racial relations and counseling process. It was found that black clients preferred black counselors and that race of counselor had effect on outcome while experience did not. Studies have concluded that traditional counseling processes are ineffective with black clients and recommend more action oriented approaches.…

Summarizes both the professional counseling literature and an investigation conducted by the author which examined the relationship between race and the level of understanding between counselor and client, finding that race is related to counselor understanding. (Author/JM)