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Peer reviewedAbrams, Lyndon; Trusty, Jerry – Journal of Counseling and Development, 2004
The authors developed a model of the relationships between racial identity development and socially desirable responding, using a sample of African American undergraduate students. Instruments used were the Racial Identity Attitude Scale-Long Form (J. E. Helms & T. A. Parham, 1996) and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (D. L.…
Descriptors: African Americans, Undergraduate Students, Social Desirability, Racial Identification
Direct linkRowe, Wayne – Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 2006
J. E. Helms's (1995b) White racial identity theory is said to resemble a pseudoscience in certain respects because its empirical support is based on the White Racial Identity Attitude Scale (J. E. Helms & R. T. Carter, 1990) in spite of consistent evidence that the instrument does not measure the constructs that the theory proposes.
Descriptors: Racial Identification, Criticism, Scientific Concepts, Beliefs
