Discusses how slavery affected Blacks' self concepts. Offers a theory describing how the Black self concept is developed as a result of personal experience in a racially biased society. (BE)

To shed light on the interaction of African and American peoples during the first 300 years of European colonialism in the Americas, the article explains various terms for racial hybrids, citing historical evidence for the definitions, including litigation, government records, dictionaries, and documents dating from the seventeenth century. (SB)

An historical overview of African and Afro-American music, from the foundations in sub-Saharan African music to the music of the 1980s, is presented in this paper as evidence that Afro-American music is closely intertwined with ethnic identification and follows the direction of Afro-American sociopolitical change. Slave and folk music, minstrel…

Argues that the intellectual origins of the Harlem Renaissance are found at Fisk University, Nashville (TN), where black education took a less vocationally oriented path that made students feel free to explore thoughts. This liberal educational environment blossomed in New York in the expressions of the Harlem Renaissance. (SLD)

Relates the history of the Friends of the Indian, an influential turn-of-the-century organization which attempted to rescue Indians from their prisoner-pauper status by facilitating their assimilation and total integration into the larger society. (DM)

Analyzes the evolution of Mexican American identity in Houston's Chicano community. Describes immigrants' emphasis on community pride in "mexicanismo" and Mestizo-Indian heritage, abandonment of indigenous identity and demands for White status in 1930s and 1940s, and identification with racial minorities during the civil rights movement.…

Argues that similarities in the socioeconomic and racial climate and the attempt to refute negative gender and race-inspired images were circumstances that were present in the emergence of single-sex schools for blacks. It examines the worth of such schools in affecting positive social change. (GLR)

Traces and compares the histories of Black and American-Indian participation in collegiate and professional football. Discusses athletic participation by minority groups as a challenge to segregation and notions of White superiority; as a challenge to the persistence of racist stereotypes in media coverage; and as a foundation for the…

Unlike its white counterpart, the black press has historically exceeded its role of information source. Specialized black media were founded to decry racial conflict and gain civil rights. Only rarely, and secondarily, have black papers achieved commercial success. The purposes of black papers have changed with the society they serve. Ideologies…

Examines the source of the current use of the label "Hispanic"; summarizes the historical diversity of the groups collected under this label; analyses the race, class, and ethnic components of Hispanic identity; and discusses the conscious use of a pan-ethnic identity for economic and political ends. (BJV)

Discusses use of the term "African-American" in the context of relationships among country of origin, identification with that country, and the American experience. Finds no association between name identification and current Black social movements. Suggests that the issue should not overshadow continued effort to gain economic stability…

This paper summarizes the history of Oklahoma Indians, highlights the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, and relates the story of the family of one Oklahoma Cherokee woman, Lou Jane Morgan Jernigan. Oklahoma is the state with the largest population of Indians, largely due to federal policy in the 19th century, which forced Indians into Oklahoma (or…

The lives of many Hispanic Americans have made a difference in the story of America. Hispanic Americans are people whose families can be traced to the Spanish speaking countries. At the time of the 1990 census, there were 22,400,000 Hispanic Americans in the United States. They should be proud of their heritage, and should recognize the…

Examines the portrayal of the Black experience on television in relation to civil rights legislation during the period. Reviews various television programs and finds that despite an increase in the number of Black characters on the air, stereotyping has remained a problem. (FMW)

The two most important Black children's magazines of the twentieth century, published in the 1920s and the 1970s, met with untimely ends, and the entire body of Black children's literature may be diminishing. This lack hampers Black children's adaptation to White society and thwarts White children's comprehension of Black experience. (AF)