The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent both racial identity and color-blind racial attitudes help explain anti-Asian prejudice across different socioracial groups. Participants of color from a culturally diverse West Coast university were surveyed (N = 260). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that resistance racial identity…

Researchers and practitioners have been pursuing how to enhance counselors' multicultural counseling competencies (MCC). With a sample of 460 counselors, the author examined whether multicultural training changed the relationship between (a) racial/ethnic identity and MCC and (b) gender-role attitudes and MCC. The author found significant…

In middle school, counselors should promote optimal development as students navigate the formative stage of puberty. A search for identity is an important developmental task in early adolescence, but school counselors often neglect racial identity development. Through an actual case of an 8th-grade student, both individual and systemic strategies…

The authors define "broaching" as the counselor's ability to consider how sociopolitical factors such as race influence the client's counseling concerns. The counselor must learn to recognize the cultural meaning clients attach to phenomena and to subsequently translate that cultural knowledge into meaningful practice that facilitates client…

Study examined how the particular dimension of psychosocial development described by racial identity theory may be related to religious motivation (intrinsic versus extrinsic relation) and how religious beliefs are held (quest versus fundamentalism). Found three significant pairs suggesting that higher and more complex racial identity statuses may…

Presents the Key model, a model of White male identity development. The theoretical underpinnings of J. Helms's (1990) White Racial Identity Development Model, other relevant identity models, as well as information on male gender role socialization are presented in relation to their influence on the Key model's development. (Contains 44 references…

Throughout the preceding 3 decades (Arredondo-Dowd & Gonsalves, 1980; Pedersen, 1987; Sue, 1977; Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992; Sue & Sue, 1977), a strong call has emerged within the counseling profession advancing the proposition that it is imperative to prepare mental health professionals who are multiculturally competent. Arguments to support…

Explores the relationship between womanist identity and racial identity development. Measured the racial identity and womanist identity attitudes of 214 women. Results showed a significant relation between the two for black women. No such relationship emerged for white women, which may indicate a process more structurally consistent for black…

Examines the use of racial identity attitudes as predictors of racial mistrust of African Americans and other racial contact variables among Asian Americans. Results of study reveal that racial identity attitudes significantly predicted racial mistrust, overall group impression, four racial stereotypes, and two quality of racial contact variables…

Everyone has multiple identities, socially constructed in society by way of discourses. Dominant discourses across race, gender, sexual orientation, class, and ability, and their consequences are explored. A model is provided for considering the interlocking nature of such socially constructed criteria. Examples involving implications for…

Examines cultural mistrust, ethnic identity, racial identity, and self-esteem among Black university students (N=160). African American students' scores were statistically different from those of African and West Indian/Caribbean students on cultural mistrust, racial identity, and ethnic identity measures. There were no statistically significant…

Loevinger's Washington Sentence Completion Test of ego development and Black and White versions of the Racial Identity Attitude Scale were administered to 38 graduate students at the beginning, middle, and end of their counseling program. All 3 counseling tracks were included in the research: community agency, school counseling, and student…

Reports on a survey on practicing professional counselors' perceptions of their multicultural competence and the nature of their pre- and in-service professional preparation in this area. There was no significant difference in self-perceived multicultural competence between graduates of Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related…

Examines the relationship between racial identity attitudes and the use of ego defense mechanisms by White counselor trainees during cross-racial counseling and supervision dyads. Results indicated that White counselor trainees at less mature statuses of racial identity attitudes relied on more primitive ego defenses to manage the anxiety…

The impact of an integrative multicultural training program on the development of white racial identity and interracial comfort was examined. Counseling graduate students participated in the training. Psychometric data and factor structures are provided for the White Racial Consciousness Development Scale and the Interracial Comfort Index.…