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Mihesuah, Devon A. – American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 1998
Uses the Cross model of Black identity development as a framework for discussion of the developmental stages of American-Indian identity: pre-encounter, encounter, immersion/emersion, and internalization. Discusses identity conflicts encountered in various scenarios related to biracial or bicultural status, adoptions, mixed-race families, parent…
Descriptors: American Indians, Blacks, Developmental Stages, Models

Taylor, Donald M.; Dube, Lise – Journal of Social Issues, 1986
The article asks the following questions about self-identity: (1) how do people derive a unitary sense of self out of membership in many social categories; (2) do people respond differently when the social as opposed to the personal aspects of their identity are evoked; and (3) how do people respond to collective injustice? (PS)
Descriptors: Moral Development, Personality Development, Racial Identification, Reference Groups