In the early 1990s, the Supreme Court established standards to facilitate the release of school districts from racial desegregation orders. Over the next two decades, federal courts declared almost half of all districts under court order in 1991 to be "unitary"--that is, to have met their obligations to eliminate dual systems of…

Today's students are the most racially tolerant generation the nation has ever seen. According to recent studies, they are more likely to have friends or date across racial and ethnic lines than earlier generations. They believe racism is wrong. Despite some progress, racism is still pervasive in American schools. This article describes what…

Central High School has regained its reputation of being among the best schools in the nation. The factors contributing to that excellence are outlined. (Author/IRT)

Describes some common integration maintenance techniques, explores arguments that have been used to support or oppose them, and makes a preliminary assessment of the impact of integration maintenance on Oak Park, a Chicago suburb. (LHW)

The discussions arising from a biracial seminar for teachers, counselors and administrators about to be involved in the desegregation of a large school system are reported in this article. The five, three-hour sessions included discussions on problems in intergroup relations, human relationships and school desegregation. (JC)

This collection of case studies on school desegregation in nine American communities (Kalamazoo, Michigan; Newark, Delaware; Riverside and Los Angeles, California; Savannah, Georgia; River City and Bayon County, Mississippi; Chicago, Illinois; and, Hempstead, New York.) summarizes and interprets the struggles to solve this domestic social problem.…

Describes a successful program of individualizing students to each other's race by way of outdoor activities such as rock climbing, parachuting, river running, etc. so as to defuse racial tensions. (AN)

Background: Traditional approaches to race in the United States have located race in individuals and groups and reduced the ambiguities of interaction to differences in attitudes, levels of awareness, and stages of identity development. Alternatively, locating race in social stratification has made it an over-determined product of inequalities in…

In response to federal inquiry, Ogden, Utah moved in 1970 to implement a desegregation plan entitled "A Voluntary Plan to Reduce Minority Group Isolation and Its Effects". Central to the plan was the consolidation of five elementary schools. Existing boundaries were redrawn to accommodate the former students of these five schools in…

The desegregation of the Minneapolis, Minnesota schools was initiated in 1972, although the process leading to desegregation actually began in 1967 when the board of education adopted its first human relations guidelines and announced a voluntary urban transfer program. In 1970 the state of Minnesota issued desegregation guidelines which set a 30%…

During 1968 the board of education of Kalamazoo, Michigan appointed a committee on desegregation and charged the group with developing a master plan with target dates for desegregating all levels of the public school system. The committee recommended a detailed three page program that was to lead to total desegregation of local schools by…

In 1969 Ossining had been singled out as 1 of 54 target segregated districts in New York by a state study group known as the Fleischmann Commission. The first steps to desegregate the Ossining elementary schools occurred shortly after the state board of education wrote the school department pointing out the racial imbalance in the elementary…

This report examines the desegregation activities of the Santa Barbara school district focusing on the elementary schools. In 1968 the superintendent requested an onsite review study of Santa Barbara's elementary and high school districts to determine ethnic and racial balance in student enrollments. It was found that 9 of the elementary school…

The Missouri Constitution of 1875 specified that school districts were to maintain dual school systems. This provision was renewed in the 1945 constitution and was not repealed until 1976. In December 1950 black parents brought suit challenging the constitutionality of the dual school system. On February of 1975 the school board adopted…