Based on analyses of 1,622 Hmong adolescents in a large urban school district, we illuminate a positive association between school different-race exposure and Hmong limited English proficient students' reading achievement. However, we also note a negative association of neighborhood different-race exposure with Hmong students from low…

Prior research suggests that stigma plays a role in racial/ethnic health disparities. However, there is limited understanding about the mechanisms by which stigma contributes to HIV-related disparities in risk, incidence and screening, treatment, and survival and what can be done to reduce the impact of stigma on these disparities. We introduce…

Past research has shown that racial inequality in urban areas--Black and White residential segregation and economic inequality--is associated with increased levels of homicide offending and that victimization among Blacks yet serves as a protection mechanism against such violence among Whites. However, few studies have considered alternative…

America's changing color line is perhaps best expressed in shifting patterns of neighborhood residential segregation--the geographic separation of races. This research evaluates black exceptionalism by using the universe of U.S. blocks from the 1990 and 2000 decennial censuses to provide a "single" geographically inclusive national…

Over 40 years ago the historic Kerner Commission Report declared that America was undergoing an urban crisis whose effects were disproportionately felt by underclass populations. In "America's Urban Crisis and the Advent of Color-blind Politics", Curtis Ivery and Joshua Bassett explore the persistence of this crisis today, despite public…

In 1979-80, residential mobility was lower among African Americans than non-African Americans after adjusting for differences in home ownership and sociodemographic characteristics. Both African-American and non-African-American mobility were influenced by life-cycle factors, housing characteristics, and metropolitan features, but African-American…

Compares Blacks with Hispanics on five dimensions of segregation--evenness, exposure, clustering, centralization, and concentration--in order to show that Blacks occupy a unique and distinctly disadvantaged position in the U.S. urban environment. Finds that Blacks experience extreme segregation on all dimensions, a pattern called hypersegregation.…

There is a need to understand more clearly the forces that work to generate and maintain a segregated housing market. There is also a need to formulate statistical measures of segregation, so that developments in future years can be assessed against the past. This report was designed with these two objectives in mind. The analysis is primarily…

This report assesses racial differences among Hispanic Americans. Since 1970, the U.S. Census has asked all Americans to identify their race and, separately, whether they are Hispanic. This means Hispanics can be of any race. Data come from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 Censuses and from pre-tabulated summary files from Census 2000. This report…

A cross-sectional simultaneous equation model is specified whereby metropolitan-wide levels of racial residential segregation, housing discrimination, interracial occupational dissimilarities, and Black/White mean incomes are endogenous. Results support the hypothesis of mutually causal interrelationships among these phenomena. Results of policy…

Reports the variations in the black/white ratio of age-specific, all-cause mortality rates among 38 U.S. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) with populations greater than one million in 1980. Identifies SMSAs containing geographic areas with unusually high or low black/white mortality ratios. (GLR)

Economists have studied the effects of racial prejudice on urban residential structure using a set of models that focus on conditions at the border between the black and white areas. This paper reviews the theoretical literature on these border models and investigates their generality. Section 1 considers the border model developed by Bailey in…

Elasticities generated from ecological regressions indicate a Black disadvantage, relative to Hispanics and Asians, in converting education and income into desirable residential outcomes in their neighborhoods. However, differences were less than those found in previous studies and those inferred from levels of segregation. Education was critical…

This article addresses shortcomings in the literature on environmental inequality by (a) setting forth and testing four models of environmental inequality and (b) explicitly linking environmental inequality research to spatial mismatch theory and to the debate on the declining significance of race. The explanatory models ask whether the…

Specific demographic changes that occurred in the New York City metropolitan area during the 1980s are described, and the challenges and opportunities facing the city in the 1990s are explored. The 1980s saw the greatest increase in the diversity of the city in its history, but sharp inequality, running along racial and ethnic lines, persists in…