This article used the multidimensional random coefficients multinomial logit model to examine the construct validity and detect the substantial differential item functioning (DIF) of the Chinese version of motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ-CV). A total of 1,354 Hong Kong junior high school students were administered the…

There is a need for an instrument that assesses student-instructor relationships as many experts speculate that close, non-threatening relationships between students and instructors predict positive achievement orientations, academic progress and success. In this paper, we present reliability and additional validity data concerning the…