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Weiss, Staci Meredith; Marshall, Peter J. – Developmental Science, 2023
The development of the ability to anticipate--as manifested by preparatory actions and neural activation related to the expectation of an upcoming stimulus--may play a key role in the ontogeny of cognitive skills more broadly. This preregistered study examined anticipatory brain potentials and behavioral responses (reaction time; RT) to…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Cognitive Ability, Reaction Time, Case Studies
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Roark, Casey L.; Lehet, Matthew I.; Dick, Frederic; Holt, Lori L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Category learning is fundamental to cognition, but little is known about how it proceeds in real-world environments when learners do not have instructions to search for category-relevant information, do not make overt category decisions, and do not experience direct feedback. Prior research demonstrates that listeners can acquire task-irrelevant…
Descriptors: Classification, Learning Processes, Schemata (Cognition), Decision Making
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Rieger, Tobias; Heilmann, Lydia; Manzey, Dietrich – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
Visual inspection of luggage using X-ray technology at airports is a time-sensitive task that is often supported by automated systems to increase performance and reduce workload. The present study evaluated how time pressure and automation support influence visual search behavior and performance in a simulated luggage screening task. Moreover, we…
Descriptors: Time Management, Travel, Air Transportation, Task Analysis
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Lee, James F.; Doherty, Stephen – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2019
The present study compares native and nonnative processing of Spanish active and passive sentences. The nonnative speakers were tested before and after receiving processing instruction on the Spanish passive. The native speakers were tested once and provide a baseline for comparisons. We measured accuracy and response time to select the correct…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Second Language Learning, Native Language, Comparative Analysis
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Akcay, Caglar; Hazeltine, Eliot – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
The dependence of the Simon effect on the correspondence of the previous trial can be explained by the conflict-monitoring theory, which holds that a control system adjusts automatic activation from irrelevant stimulus information (conflict adaptation) on the basis of the congruency of the previous trial. The authors report on 4 experiments…
Descriptors: Conflict, Cognitive Processes, Reaction Time, Stimuli
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Risko, Evan F.; Blais, Chris; Stolz, Jennifer A.; Besner, Derek – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
Proportion compatible manipulations are often used to index strategic processes in selective attention tasks. Here, a subtle confound in proportion compatible manipulations is considered. Specifically, as the proportion of compatible trials increases, the ratio of complete repetitions and complete alternations to partial repetitions increases on…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Reaction Time, Stimuli, Attention
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Watanabe, Katsumi – Cognition, 2008
To coordinate our actions with those of others, it is crucial to not only choose an appropriate category of action but also to execute it at an appropriate timing. It is widely documented that people tend to unconsciously mimic others' behavior. The present study show that people also tend to modify their movement timing according to others'…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Observation, Motion, Correlation
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Sameroff, Arnold J. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1970
Descriptors: Age Differences, Analysis of Variance, Auditory Stimuli, Behavior Patterns
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Happaney, Keith; Zelazo, Philip David – Brain and Cognition, 2004
Extinction of operantly conditioned responses, which provides a measure of the ability to adapt to changes in the reinforcement value of stimuli, has been linked to orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in human and non-human animals. This article examines the feasibility of using extinction as a measure of the development of OFC function in preschool-age…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Operant Conditioning, Stimuli, Learning Processes
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Moineau, Suzanne; Dronkers, Nina F.; Bates, Elizabeth – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2005
This study investigated the vulnerability of lexical processing in individuals with aphasia. Though classical teaching of aphasia syndromes holds that people with Broca's aphasia have intact comprehension at the single-word level, the nature and extent of this purported sparing were explored under suboptimal processing conditions. A combination of…
Descriptors: Aphasia, Comprehension, Language Processing, Acoustics
Shepherd, B. H.; And Others – Research Quarterly, 1977
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Conditioning, Motor Reactions, Performance Factors
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Schweimer, Judith; Hauber, Wolfgang – Learning & Memory, 2005
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a critical role in stimulus-reinforcement learning and reward-guided selection of actions. Here we conducted a series of experiments to further elucidate the role of the ACC in instrumental behavior involving effort-based decision-making and instrumental learning guided by reward-predictive stimuli. In…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Rewards, Visual Stimuli, Animals