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Zhang, Ziyao; Carlisle, Nancy B. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Can we use attentional control to ignore known distractor features? Providing cues before a visual search trial about an upcoming distractor color (negative cue) can lead to reaction time benefits compared with no cue trials. This suggests top-down control may use negative templates to actively suppress distractor features, a notion that…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Cues, Visual Perception, Interference (Learning)
Nick Henry – Language Teaching Research, 2025
This study investigates the effects of Processing Instruction (PI) on the acquisition of grammatical gender and gender-marked pronouns in German. PI was compared to Traditional Instruction, i.e. a traditional, vocabulary-oriented approach using color cues (TI) and a Categorization and Memorization task (CM). The results of an immediate posttest…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, German
Lin, Yi; Ding, Hongwei; Zhang, Yang – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2021
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the Stroop effects of verbal and nonverbal cues and their relative impacts on gender differences in unisensory and multisensory emotion perception. Method: Experiment 1 investigated how well 88 normal Chinese adults (43 women and 45 men) could identify emotions conveyed through face, prosody and semantics as…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Interference (Learning), Color, Visual Stimuli
Entel, Olga; Tzelgov, Joseph – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
It was suggested that 2 preconditions promote proactive control: a pending plan to control performance and availability of working memory (WM) storage resources. In 4 experiments, we applied these preconditions to the Stroop task. Using a new approach, we focused on task conflict while manipulating not only the different stimuli proportions, but…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Comparative Analysis, Reaction Time, Color
Weissman, Daniel H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Although domain-specificity is prevalent in models of human cognition, its presence is not always easy to verify. For example, according to one prominent model, experiencing conflict from an incongruent distractor in a Stroop-like task triggers an upregulation of domain-specific control that facilitates the resolution of the same, but not a…
Descriptors: Color, Interference (Learning), Reaction Time, Visual Stimuli
Suh, Jihyun; Bugg, Julie M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Existing approaches in the literature on cognitive control in conflict tasks almost exclusively target the outcome of control (by comparing mean congruency effects) and not the processes that shape control. These approaches are limited in addressing a current theoretical issue--what contribution does learning make to adjustments in cognitive…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Conflict, Learning Processes
Thothathiri, Malathi; Braiuca, Maria C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Previous studies using artificial languages suggest that sentence production can be guided by verb-specific as well as verb-general statistics present in the language input. Here we investigated whether the statistical properties of ongoing input in the speakers' native language systematically affected their sentence production. Three experiments…
Descriptors: Verbs, Cues, Semantics, Cognitive Mapping
Beesley, Tom; Hanafi, Gunadi; Vadillo, Miguel A.; Shanks, David R.; Livesey, Evan J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Two experiments examined biases in selective attention during contextual cuing of visual search. When participants were instructed to search for a target of a particular color, overt attention (as measured by the location of fixations) was biased strongly toward distractors presented in that same color. However, when participants searched for…
Descriptors: Attention, Cues, Bias, Visual Perception
Dias, Patricia; Villameriel, Saúl; Giezen, Marcel R.; Costello, Brendan; Carreiras, Manuel – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
This study investigated whether language control during language production in bilinguals generalizes across modalities, and to what extent the language control system is shaped by competition for the same articulators. Using a cued language-switching paradigm, we investigated whether switch costs are observed when hearing signers switch between a…
Descriptors: Code Switching (Language), Bilingualism, Sign Language, Reaction Time
Gregory, Samantha E. A.; Jackson, Margaret C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Joint attention--the mutual focus of 2 individuals on an item--speeds detection and discrimination of target information. However, what happens to that information beyond the initial perceptual episode? To fully comprehend and engage with our immediate environment also requires working memory (WM), which integrates information from second to…
Descriptors: Attention, Short Term Memory, Eye Movements, Cues
Rummel, Jan; Wesslein, Ann-Katrin; Meiser, Thorsten – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Event-based prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to perform an intention in response to an environmental cue. Recent microstructure models postulate four distinguishable stages of successful event-based PM fulfillment. That is, (a) the event must be noticed, (b) the intention must be retrieved, (c) the context must be verified, and…
Descriptors: Memory, Cues, Environmental Influences, Intention
Wantz, Andrea L.; Borst, Grégoire; Mast, Fred W.; Lobmaier, Janek S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Mental color imagery abilities are commonly measured using paradigms that involve naming, judging, or comparing the colors of visual mental images of well-known objects (e.g., "Is a sunflower darker yellow than a lemon"?). Although this approach is widely used in patient studies, differences in the ability to perform such color…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Color, Imagery, Visual Stimuli
Reimer, Jason F.; Radvansky, Gabriel A.; Lorsbach, Thomas C.; Armendarez, Joseph J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Recently, a great deal of research has demonstrated that although everyday experience is continuous in nature, it is parsed into separate events. The aim of the present study was to examine whether event structure can influence the effectiveness of cognitive control. Across 5 experiments we varied the structure of events within the AX-CPT by…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Attention Control, Experience, Experiments
Harrison, Neil R.; McCann, Amy – Psicologica: International Journal of Methodology and Experimental Psychology, 2014
Attentional bias plays an important role in the development and maintenance of alcohol addiction, and has often been measured with a visual probe task, where reaction times are compared for probes replacing either a substance-related cue or a neutral cue. Systematic low-level differences between image classes are a potential cause of low internal…
Descriptors: Color, Attention, Addictive Behavior, Alcohol Abuse
Bugg, Julie M.; Diede, Nathaniel T.; Cohen-Shikora, Emily R.; Selmeczy, Diana – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Classic theories emphasized the role of expectations in the intentional control of attention and action. However, recent theorizing has implicated experience-dependent, online adjustments as the primary basis for cognitive control--adjustments that appear to be implicit (Blais, Harris, Guerrero, & Bunge, 2012). The purpose of the current study…
Descriptors: Expectation, Attention Control, Cognitive Processes, Experiments