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Urcuioli, Peter J.; Swisher, Melissa – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Pigeons trained on successive AB symbolic matching show emergent BA antisymmetry if they are also trained on successive AA oddity and BB identity (Urcuioli, 2008, Experiment 4). In other words, when tested on BA probe trials following training, they respond more to the comparisons on the reverse of the nonreinforced AB baseline trials than on the…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Experiments, Stimuli
Tanno, Takayuki; Silberberg, Alan; Sakagami, Takayuki – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
In Experiment 1, food-deprived rats responded to one of two schedules that were, with equal probability, associated with a sample lever. One schedule was always variable ratio, while the other schedule, depending on the trial within a session, was: (a) a variable-interval schedule; (b) a tandem variable-interval,…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Experiments, Reinforcement
Pinkston, Jonathan W.; Lamb, R. J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
When given to pigeons, the direct-acting dopamine agonist apomorphine elicits pecking. The response has been likened to foraging pecking because it bears remarkable similarity to foraging behavior, and it is enhanced by food deprivation. On the other hand, other data suggest the response is not related to foraging behavior and may even interfere…
Descriptors: Animals, Brain, Biochemistry, Experiments
Cowie, Sarah; Davison, Michael; Elliffe, Douglas – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
It has long been understood that food deliveries may act as signals of future food location, and not only as strengtheners of prefood responding as the law of effect suggests. Recent research has taken this idea further--the main effect of food deliveries, or other "reinforcers", may be signaling rather than strengthening. The present experiment…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Stimuli, Reinforcement, Animals
Okouchi, Hiroto – Psychological Record, 2010
Five undergraduates responded under a fixed-ratio (FR) 145 schedule, and 5 others responded under a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) 20-s schedule. Both groups were then exposed to a differential-reinforcement-of-rates- with-pacing 1 s less than interresponse time (IRT) less than or equal to 2 s schedule. Following this, probe sessions…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Behavior, Reinforcement, Reaction Time
White, K. Geoffrey; Brown, Glenn S. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Pigeons performed a delayed matching-to-sample task in which large or small reinforcers for correct remembering were signaled during the retention interval. Accuracy was low when small reinforcers were signaled, and high when large reinforcers were signaled (the signaled magnitude effect). When the reinforcer-size cue was switched from small to…
Descriptors: Animals, Reinforcement, Accuracy, Memory
Thomason-Sassi, Jessica L.; Iwata, Brian A.; Neidert, Pamela L.; Roscoe, Eileen M. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2011
Dependent variables in research on problem behavior typically are based on measures of response repetition, but these measures may be problematic when behavior poses high risk or when its occurrence terminates a session. We examined response latency as the index of behavior during assessment. In Experiment 1, we compared response rate and latency…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Reaction Time, Functional Behavioral Assessment, Experiments
Luman, Marjolein; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Sergeant, Joseph A. – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2008
The present study investigated the impact of reinforcement valence and magnitude on response timing in children with ADHD. Children were required to estimate a 1-s interval, and both the median response time (response tendency) and the intrasubject-variability (response stability) were investigated. In addition, heart rate and skin conductance…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Reaction Time, Attention Deficit Disorders, Feedback (Response)
Shull, Richard L.; Grimes, Julie A.; Bennett, J. Adam – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2004
By nose poking a lighted key, rats obtained food pellets on either a variable- interval schedule of reinforcement or a schedule that required an average of four additional responses after the end of the variable-interval component (a tandem variable-interval variable-ratio 4 schedule). With both schedule types, the mean variable interval was…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Intervals, Time Management, Animals
Okouchi, Hiroto; Lattal, Kennon A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
Four pigeons were exposed to two tandem variable-interval differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedules under different stimulus conditions. The values of the tandem schedules were adjusted so that reinforcement rates in one stimulus condition were higher than those in the other, even though response rates in the two conditions were nearly…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reinforcement, Intervals, Animals
Grace, Randolph C.; McLean, Anthony P. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
Pigeons' choice in concurrent chains can adapt to rapidly changing contingencies. Grace, Bragason, and McLean (2003) found that relative initial-link response rate was sensitive to the immediacy ratio in the current session when one of the terminal-link fixed-interval schedules was changed daily according to a pseudorandom binary sequence (e.g.,…
Descriptors: Animals, Selection, Change, Adjustment (to Environment)
Podlesnik, Christopher A.; Jimenez-Gomez, Corina; Ward, Ryan D.; Shahan, Timothy A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
Previous experiments have shown that unsignaled delayed reinforcement decreases response rates and resistance to change. However, the effects of different delays to reinforcement on underlying response structure have not been investigated in conjunction with tests of resistance to change. In the present experiment, pigeons responded on a…
Descriptors: Resistance to Change, Probability, Reinforcement, Intervals
Tomanari, Gerson Y.; Sidman, Murray; Rubio, Adriana R.; Dube, William V. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
Five adult humans were tested for emergent conditional discriminations under rapid-responding contingencies. During four-comparison matching-to-sample baseline training (AB and AC), limited-hold contingencies for responding to samples and comparisons were gradually restricted to the shortest duration consistent with at least 95% accuracy and no…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Staff Utilization, Undergraduate Students
Podlesnik, Christopher A.; Chase, Philip N. – Psychological Record, 2006
Several research laboratories have found that instructed behavior can be less sensitive to changes in contingencies than shaped behavior. The current experiment examined whether these differences in sensitivity could be related to resistance to change. Two groups of subjects, who were matched on the basis of an initial disruption assessment, were…
Descriptors: Resistance to Change, Topography, Videotape Recordings, Compliance (Psychology)