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Sung, Yao-Ting; Lin, Wei-Chun; Dyson, Scott Benjamin; Chang, Kuo-En; Chen, Yu-Chia – Modern Language Journal, 2015
Selecting appropriate texts for L2 (second/foreign language) learners is an important approach to enhancing motivation and, by extension, learning. There is currently no tool for classifying foreign language texts according to a language proficiency framework, which makes it difficult for students and educators to determine the precise…
Descriptors: Mandarin Chinese, Second Language Learning, Readability, Reading Material Selection
Wagler, Amy E.; Lesser, Lawrence M.; González, Ariel I.; Leal, Luis – Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 2015
A corpus of current editions of statistics textbooks was assessed to compare aspects and levels of readability for the topics of "measures of center," "line of fit," "regression analysis," and "regression inference." Analysis with lexical software of these text selections revealed that the large corpus can…
Descriptors: Lexicology, Grammar, Higher Education, Statistics

Santa, Carol M.; Burstyn, Joan N. – Journal of Higher Education, 1977
New editions of selected college textbooks have been found to be more difficult than former ones, and experiments show that students learn less effectively from the new editions. Guidelines are offered for choosing textbooks, such as writing style, conceptual density, and the utility of readability analyses. (Editor/LBH)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Difficulty Level, Economics, Guidelines

Tamor, Lynne – Journal of Reading Behavior, 1981
Outlines three constructs of text difficulty: text-based (objective), performance-based (behavioral), and a combination of the two (subjective). (HOD)
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Readability
Janz, Margaret L.; Smith, Edwin H. – Elementary English, 1972
Study was concerned with whether there is a practical difference between the reading ability of the eight, ninth, and tenth grade students and the readibility levels of their assigned textbooks in English, science and social studies. Findings show that most of the textbooks assigned were too difficult for effective instructional usage. (RB)
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Instructional Materials, Readability, Reading Ability

Koenke, Karl – Journal of Reading, 1971
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Evaluation Methods, Measurement Instruments, Readability

Hollabaugh, Mark – Journal of College Science Teaching, 1989
Provides step-by-step procedures for developing an index which uses the Gunning Fog technique to evaluate the level of reading difficulty of textbooks. Cites examples, illustrations, and several warnings in the discussion. (RT)
Descriptors: College Science, Content Analysis, Difficulty Level, Evaluation Methods
Armbruster, Bonnie B.; Anderson, Thomas H. – 1981
Focusing on what authors can do to facilitate learning from content area textbooks, this report labels authors as "considerate," providing text that readers can understand with a minimum of cognitive effort, or as "inconsiderate," creating text that requires a conscientious, highly skilled effort if readers are to comprehend…
Descriptors: Authors, Check Lists, Cognitive Processes, Coherence