Response time has been used as an important predictor of student performance in various models. Much of this work is based on the hypothesis that if students respond to a problem step too quickly or too slowly, they are most likely to be unsuccessful in that step. However, something that is less explored is that students may cycle through…

Purpose: This article presented the results of studies that examined the appropriateness of the content, readability of printed learning materials and the effectiveness of external resources in ecology course offered at Universitas Terbuka. To integrate external resources, links to their websites were provided in the printed materials.…

The aim of the study is to examine the effect of readability on comprehensibility. The study is quasi-experimental as it was not possible to assign groups randomly and the groups were partially controllable. Therefore, the "pretest-posttest unequaled control group quasi-experimental design" was used in the study. The study group consists…

Researchers have often considered addressing the readability of special education informational materials developed for parents to improve parent participation. Yet, research examining contextual document aspects is limited and no studies investigate procedural safeguards notices and related informational materials from a lens other than…

Nowadays, text readability is of great importance. Simple but very often ignored, readability statistics can provide information about the level of difficulty of the readability of particular documents and increase an evaluator's credibility. Hence, this research aims to examine the readability index of the test instrument for BIPA (Bahasa…

For decades, educators have relied on readability metrics that tend to oversimplify dimensions of text difficulty. This study examines the potential of applying advanced artificial intelligence methods to the educational problem of assessing text difficulty. The combination of hierarchical machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) is…

Education is central to promoting healthy, active lifestyles, but most educational materials may be less than suitable for public dissemination. Related kinesiology studies have mainly focused on the reading grade level of print materials. Suitability encompasses more qualities than that and also concerns digital media. This study had two…

For decades, educators have relied on readability metrics that tend to oversimplify dimensions of text difficulty. This study examines the potential of applying advanced artificial intelligence methods to the educational problem of assessing text difficulty. The combination of hierarchical machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) is…

Ready-to-use animal health information handouts are a valuable service that have the potential to enhance veterinarian-client relationships and animal healthcare. Evaluating the readability of handouts is integral to ensure the information needs of veterinary clients are met. In this study, we describe the significance of client handout…

This study is aimed to analyze the readability level of the fourth grade textbooks in Javanese language used in Madiun, East Java, Indonesia then connect with student learning outcomes. The data were obtained from 18 students, comprising 6 male and 12 female students between 10 and 12 years old. The secondary data were obtained from textbooks and…

Though the empirical findings of the past studies in the literature have offered strong support to the significant role of language knowledge and background knowledge in reading comprehension, this issue has not been explored with regard to specific purposes tests in the Iranian higher education context. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring…

Assessment of text readability is important for assigning texts at the appropriate level to readers at different proficiency levels. The present research approached readability assessment from the lexical perspective of word frequencies derived from corpora assumed to reflect typical language experience. Three studies were conducted to test how…

Unfolding models are frequently used to develop scales for measuring attitudes. Recently, unfolding models have been applied to examine rater severity and accuracy within the context of rater-mediated assessments. One of the problems in applying unfolding models to rater-mediated assessments is that the substantive interpretations of the latent…

This study examined Chinese EFL researchers' English abstract writing in language education. Using open-ended questionnaires, it first investigated 24 Chinese EFL researchers' perceptions of their challenges in writing English abstracts. Using generalizability theory and follow-up interviews, it then invited 16 experienced English journal…

A teacher's ability to read effectively is critical to that individual's ability to teach reading skills. Correspondingly, most state departments of education require that prospective teachers earn a passing score on a standardized reading comprehension test before they can enter university-based teacher education programs or otherwise get a…