Publication Date
| In 2026 | 0 |
| Since 2025 | 6 |
| Since 2022 (last 5 years) | 37 |
| Since 2017 (last 10 years) | 128 |
| Since 2007 (last 20 years) | 210 |
Descriptor
| Readability Formulas | 670 |
| Readability | 479 |
| Reading Comprehension | 200 |
| Reading Research | 155 |
| Difficulty Level | 123 |
| Elementary Secondary Education | 104 |
| Textbook Evaluation | 94 |
| Reading Instruction | 92 |
| Foreign Countries | 85 |
| Higher Education | 77 |
| Reading Materials | 77 |
| More ▼ | |
Source
Author
Publication Type
Education Level
Audience
| Practitioners | 61 |
| Teachers | 35 |
| Researchers | 16 |
| Administrators | 8 |
| Media Staff | 4 |
| Students | 1 |
Location
| Canada | 8 |
| Turkey | 8 |
| California | 6 |
| China | 6 |
| Indonesia | 6 |
| United Kingdom | 6 |
| United States | 5 |
| Australia | 4 |
| Iran | 4 |
| Japan | 4 |
| Texas | 4 |
| More ▼ | |
Laws, Policies, & Programs
| Individuals with Disabilities… | 2 |
| Americans with Disabilities… | 1 |
| Bill of Rights | 1 |
| Rehabilitation Act 1973… | 1 |
Assessments and Surveys
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Peer reviewedKretschmer, Joseph C. – Journal of Reading, 1984
Provides a microcomputer program that will calculate readability levels using Rix, a new, short readability formula. (FL)
Descriptors: Computer Programs, Elementary Secondary Education, Microcomputers, Readability Formulas
Peer reviewedKeller, Paul F. G. – Reading Teacher, 1982
Discusses a prototype computer program designed to calculate readability levels and explains why such a program is needed. Calls for support from others who can assist in the program's development. (FL)
Descriptors: Computer Oriented Programs, Computer Programs, Computers, Readability Formulas
Warming, Eloise O.; Baber, Elizabeth Coe – Phi Delta Kappan, 1980
The authors present a 20-item inventory for textbook selection designed to supplement the Fry Formula or the Raygor Estimate readability tests. The authors argue that a harmonious relationship should exist between the text, its author, its intended readers, and the instructor. (Author/PGD)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Criteria, Guidelines, Readability Formulas
Chapman, L. John – 1986
To develop a new model of the reading process, a longitudinal study investigated the importance of the concepts of cohesion and register (fiction or nonfiction) in the assessment of text readability. Subjects, 436 8-year-olds (Cohort A), 474 10-year-olds (Cohort B), and 445 13-year-olds (Cohort C) from 23 urban and rural British schools--most of…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cohesion (Written Composition), Elementary Secondary Education, Fiction
Micklos, David; Bishop, Walton – 1982
A study was conducted to determine if increasing the redundancy of sections in scientific articles where typical readers became bored or confused would have a desirable effect on other readers. Undergraduate journalism students applied R. F. Carter's signalled stopping technique to two different science articles by indicating points where they…
Descriptors: Cloze Procedure, Cognitive Processes, Communication Research, Communication (Thought Transfer)
Peer reviewedGoldsmith, Robert H. – School Science and Mathematics, 1980
Reports on a study which attempted to determine the reading level of 70 filmstrips with captions that form logical sequences. Results indicate that the classroom teacher might want to use readability formulae in planning the use of filmstrips. (Author/SA)
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Educational Media, Educational Research, Educational Resources
Peer reviewedVenable, Gail Portnuff – Topics in Language Disorders, 2003
This article discusses the reading fluency and comprehension problems of struggling secondary students who can read, with assistance, on a fourth-grade reading level or above. Difficulties with vocabulary and sentence construction are described, along with problems with pronoun reference and noun substitutions, metaphor, and conventions of print.…
Descriptors: Language Impairments, Metaphors, Pronouns, Readability
Peer reviewedStahl, Steven A. – Topics in Language Disorders, 2003
This article explores the relationships between vocabulary knowledge and text readability. It discusses how procedures used by readability formulas to assess the vocabulary factor can over- or underestimate text difficulty by counting syllables rather than assessing what the reader knows about the words in a text. (Contains references.) (Author/CR)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Methods, Language Impairments, Performance Factors
Townsend, Brenda S.; Wilkie, Carolyn J. – 1983
The first phase of a study investigating textbook readability and students' reading levels used three traditional formulas to assess the readability levels of 51 primary textbooks from college introductory social science courses in 7 disciplines. The second phase investigated the relationship between the readability levels of students' texts,…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, College Students, Comparative Analysis, Grades (Scholastic)
Peer reviewedVenable, Gail Portnuff – Topics in Language Disorders, 2003
These exercises and examples pertain to readability information presented in preceding articles. They are designed to help speech language pathologists test their intuitions about word and text difficulty and to see readability data from a number of quantitative formulas applied to passages across a wide range of levels. (Contains 8 references.)…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Methods, Language Impairments, Readability
Peer reviewedAnderson, Jonathan – Journal of Reading, 1983
Indicates that the Rix modification of the Lix Readability Formula is easy to calculate, correlates highly with other popular formulas, and is useful for materials for grades 3 through 12. (AEA)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Readability Formulas, Test Reliability, Test Validity
Peer reviewedJudd, Dorothy H. – Reading Teacher, 1981
Argues that the use of microcomputers and prewritten computer programs can save teachers time and effort in calculating the readability levels of written materials. (FL)
Descriptors: Computer Science, Computers, Efficiency, Elementary Education
Peer reviewedHarris, Albert J.; Jacobson, Milton D. – Reading Teacher, 1980
Concludes that the Spache and Harris-Jacobson readability formulas are quite similar in variables used, in the way they were developed, and in statistical characteristics; notes differences in the Fry graph and raises questions about its suitability for measuring the readability of primary grade reading materials. (ET)
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Difficulty Level, Primary Education, Readability Formulas
Peer reviewedHayes, David – Social Studies, 1988
Describes how social studies teachers can help students interact with textbooks to promote better comprehension and retention of information. Suggests methods for linking existing knowledge to concepts in the text, for organizing information to encourage retention, and for making the expository style of texts more accessible. (LS)
Descriptors: Cloze Procedure, Cluster Grouping, Content Area Reading, Elementary Education
Peer reviewedVenable, Gail Portnuff – Topics in Language Disorders, 2003
Examples are provided that show readability in action in diverse settings. The first shows how readability analysis resulted in a new fluency monitoring protocol in three school districts in Northern California. The others present hypothetical school, clinic, and research situations that a speech language pathologist might encounter. (Author/CR)
Descriptors: Case Studies, Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Methods, Language Impairments


