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Esther H. Yi – ProQuest LLC, 2023
A reader's ability to go beyond their surface-level understanding of words and to build a deeper representation of the text in their mind (i.e., reading comprehension) is predicated on a range of reader- and text-level variables that indicate how well a certain reader can read a certain text. The following study evaluates the extent to which the…
Descriptors: Grade 1, Elementary School Students, Reading Skills, Student Characteristics

Schirmer, Barbara R. – American Annals of the Deaf, 1993
The predictions that 48 students with deafness in grades 4-8 made while reading narrative text were analyzed to explore the influence of the children's expectations for text structure and content on reading comprehension. Findings indicated that interacting at a deep level with narrative text was more related to reader characteristics than to…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Deafness, Expectation, Intermediate Grades

Venable, Gail Portnuff – Topics in Language Disorders, 2003
This article discusses the reading fluency and comprehension problems of struggling secondary students who can read, with assistance, on a fourth-grade reading level or above. Difficulties with vocabulary and sentence construction are described, along with problems with pronoun reference and noun substitutions, metaphor, and conventions of print.…
Descriptors: Language Impairments, Metaphors, Pronouns, Readability