The focus of this article is on how translanguaging, which is defined as a language practice that transcends formal language boundaries, was used as a linguistic tool and resource for expressing thoughts, emotions, and understandings of and around English and Spanish texts. Focusing on translanguaging as a medium for learning, the authors begin…

The most prominent theories of reading consider reading comprehension ability to be a direct consequence of lower-level reading skills. Recently however, research has shown that some children with poor comprehension ability perform normally on tests of lower-level skills (e.g., decoding). One promising line of behavioral research has found…

This paper discusses the dichotomy between continually moving eyes and the lack of blurred visual experience. A discontinuous model of visual perception is proposed, with the discontinuities being phase and temporally related to saccadic eye movements. It is further proposed that deviant duration and angular velocity characteristics of saccades in…

This study was designed to explicate the nature of the processes utilized by students when learning from textual materials when the text has been augmented by interspersing questions at various points. Sixty undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups. The experimental treatments were: (1) questions shortly before,…

The four main components of the reading process are as follows: (1) physiological, the apprehension of printed symbols by the eyes and the engagement of the brain and the nervous system; (2) phonological, hearing the words in the mind's ear; (3) understanding, requiring semantic knowledge, syntactic knowledge, and related prior experience on the…

This paper gives an overview of the program for the Fifth International Reading Association World Congress on Reading and reviews some of the works and research of educational authorities and how these affect reading. The contents include: "Symposium A," which addresses cognitive functions required for reading, comprehension, and how ability and…

It has been shown that incidental stimulus attributes are not utilized as much under conditions of high anxiety. It was hypothesized that the nature of this restricted encoding may be interpreted within a levels-of-processing framework. The physical attributes of verbal items (e.g., orthography, sound) may be thought of as shallow features,…

This paper explores and discusses the concept of reading comprehension from two major perspectives. One perspective is based on the theory that reading comprehension constitutes a pattern of skills. The other perspective is based on a psycholinguistic view of reading: reading as a language process. Strategies for gaining comprehension during…

A study of 2 groups of children (mean ages 7.47 and 9.04 years and reading ages of 7.27 and 9.48 years) showed a word type effect attributable to the more skilled readers. Regular-consistent words were read more accurately than regular-inconsistent and exception words; the latter two did not differ. Familiar words are appended. (Contains 57…

This monograph examines reading as a cognitive process, focusing on the relationship between reading and thinking as developed in Piagetian theory. Sections of the paper provide a brief overview of Piagetian theory, pointing out its relevance for reading; examine correlational, comparative, and perceptual studies of the relationship between…

This study examined the adaptability of reading rate to passage difficulty under different conditions of task-induced processing. Sixteen experimental passages varying in subject matter and ranging from 85 to 171 words were selected from a set of 32 texts rated for comprehensibility. The eight easiest and eight hardest texts were selected. Another…

This current annual report describes the progress made in the following aspects of the organizational plan; the identification of a model of reading which includes a description of subskills that may be present in skilled readers and are acquired by most normal readers, the construction of criterion referenced tests to measure each of these…

The major purpose of this study was to provide insights into some of the reasoning strategies that may be used by students in obtaining meaning from the printed page. The study was designed to collect and analyze the verbal protocols of 11 seventh grade students involved in introspection as they responded to standardized measures of reading…

Through the meaningful interpretation of sensory data and a background in language experiences, an individual can build more effective knowledge structures. With more effective knowledge structures, one can react more discriminatingly to the written and printed word. Sound knowledge structures involve not only the ability to organize and…

In an investigation of the "shaping" function of postquestions in prose and of a new methodological approach, fifth-grade children read forty text cards, each consisting of four attributive statements. Each card was followed by an experimental question, which during training tested information related to specified concepts or positions, or…