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Direct linkTucker, Christine N. – ProQuest LLC, 2010
Many schools in the United States use the IQ-achievement discrepancy method to identify children with learning disabilities (a significant split between their intelligence and their achievement skills). Unfortunately struggling students who are not identified by this method remain in the regular education setting with no additional supports and…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, At Risk Students, Social Change, Grade 4
Peer reviewedFowler, Joseph W.; Peterson, Penelope L. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1981
Twenty-eight learned helpless children (ages 9-13) assessed as reading below grade level were randomly assigned to one of four reinforcement and attribution retaining treatments. Indirect and direct attribution retaining increased childrens' reading persistence and their attribution of failure on the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility scale…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Expectation, Helplessness, Intermediate Grades
