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Maguet, McKenna Louise; Morrison, Timothy G.; Wilcox, Brad; Billen, Monica T. – Reading Psychology, 2021
Reading comprehension is the goal of reading, and making inferences is vital. Authors usually expect readers to make multiple types of inferences, including anaphoric, background knowledge, predictive, and retrospective. Common core assessments include all of these, yet instructional materials focus mostly on only one type, retrospective. This…
Descriptors: Children, Reading Comprehension, Reading Instruction, Instructional Effectiveness
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Smith, Mark D. – American Educational Research Journal, 2017
Cognitive validity examines the relationship between what an assessment aims to measure and what it actually elicits from test takers. The present study examined whether multiple-choice items from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) grade 12 U.S. history exam elicited the historical thinking processes they were designed to…
Descriptors: History, Thinking Skills, Tests, Alternative Assessment