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Cranford, Edward A.; Moss, Jarrod – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2023
When a situation could lead to multiple mutually exclusive consequences, recent research shows that people automatically generate multiple predictive inferences in memory. Several theoretical mechanisms have been proposed to account for the generation of predictive inferences. One hypothesis is that inferences are minimally encoded, represented…
Descriptors: Prediction, Inferences, Cognitive Processes, Semantics
Brechtje E. J. van Zeijts; Lesya Y. Ganushchak; Bjorn B. de Koning; Huib K. Tabbers – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2024
Inference-making is a central element of successful reading comprehension, yet provides a challenge for beginning readers. Text decoding takes up cognitive resources which prevents beginning readers from successful inference-making and compromises reading comprehension. Listening does not require any decoding and could therefore offer a less…
Descriptors: Inferences, Reading Comprehension, Reading Instruction, Listening
Virginia Clinton-Lisell; Sarah E. Carlson; Heather Ness-Maddox; Amanda Dahl; Terrill Taylor; Mark L. Davison; Ben Seipel – Journal of College Reading and Learning, 2024
The purpose of this study was to examine clusters of less-skilled college readers. College students with below average reading comprehension skills (N = 77) read and thought aloud about four texts, recalled the texts, and completed standardized assessments of reading skills. Based on the findings of cluster analyses of the cognitive processes…
Descriptors: Reading Skills, Reading Difficulties, Reading Comprehension, Cognitive Processes
Virginia Clinton-Lisell; Sarah E. Carlson; Heather Ness-Maddox; Amanda Dahl; Terrill Taylor; Mark L. Davison; Ben Seipel – Grantee Submission, 2024
The purpose of this study was to examine clusters of less-skilled college readers. College students with below average reading comprehension skills (N = 77) read and thought aloud about four texts, recalled the texts, and completed standardized assessments of reading skills. Based on the findings of cluster analyses of the cognitive processes…
Descriptors: Vocabulary, Reading Comprehension, Reading Tests, Reading Skills
McCrudden, Matthew T.; Kulikowich, Jonna M.; Lyu, Bailing; Huynh, Linh – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2022
In this experiment we investigated whether the presentation of domain principles within one text facilitates reading to learn from multiple exemplar texts that feature the importance of the principles. There were five texts about natural selection: a principles text, which described principles of natural selection, and four exemplar-based texts…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Learning Processes, Reading Skills, Reading Comprehension
Morrison, Timothy G.; Wilcox, Brad; Sudweeks, Richard R.; Bird, Lauren; Murdoch, Erica; Bursey, Hannah; Helvey, McKenzie – Reading Psychology, 2022
The authors of the Common Core State Standards and publishers of literacy programs focus on an essential aspect of comprehension, the process of drawing inferences. An inference refers to any piece of information that an author does not include in text but expects readers to use to make meaning. Four common inference types are anaphoric,…
Descriptors: Common Core State Standards, Inferences, Student Evaluation, Measures (Individuals)
Corlatescu, Dragos-Georgian; Dascalu, Mihai; McNamara, Danielle S. – Grantee Submission, 2021
Reading comprehension is key to knowledge acquisition and to reinforcing memory for previous information. While reading, a mental representation is constructed in the reader's mind. The mental model comprises the words in the text, the relations between the words, and inferences linking to concepts in prior knowledge. The automated model of…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Memory, Inferences, Syntax
Dore, Rebecca A.; Amendum, Steven J.; Golinkoff, Roberta Michnick; Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy – Educational Psychology Review, 2018
Theory of mind is the understanding that other people have mental states that drive their actions and that those mental states can be different from one's own. Without understanding theory of mind and being able to take others' perspectives, it could be difficult for children to read and understand narrative texts. This paper posits that…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Reading Comprehension, Perspective Taking, Cognitive Processes
Dore, Rebecca A.; Amendum, Steven J.; Golinkoff, Roberta Michnick; Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy – Grantee Submission, 2018
Theory of mind is the understanding that other people have mental states that drive their actions and that those mental states can be different from one's own. Without understanding theory of mind and being able to take others' perspectives, it could be difficult for children to read and understand narrative texts. This paper posits that…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Reading Comprehension, Perspective Taking, Cognitive Processes
Oakhill, Jane – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2020
A substantial amount of research has focused on children's reading development and reading problems, but in comparison there has been relatively little research into children's reading comprehension. This article provides an overview of the research that has investigated the skills and cognitive processes that support children's understanding of…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Reading Research, Reading Comprehension, Children
Kraal, Astrid; Koornneef, Arnout W.; Saab, Nadira; van den Broek, Paul W. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2018
The present study investigated comprehension processes and strategy use of second-grade low- and high-comprehending readers when reading expository and narrative texts for comprehension. Results from think-aloud protocols indicated that text genre affected the way the readers processed the texts. When reading narrative texts they made more…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Strategies, Reading Instruction, Literary Genres
Aryadoust, Vahid – International Journal of Listening, 2019
This article proposes an integrated cognitive theory of reading and listening that draws on a maximalist account of comprehension and emphasizes the role of bottom-up and top-down processing. The theoretical framework draws on the findings of previous research and integrates them into a coherent and plausible narrative to explain and predict the…
Descriptors: Learning Theories, Cognitive Processes, Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension
Wassenburg, Stephanie I.; de Koning, Björn B.; Bos, Lisanne T.; van der Schoot, Menno – Educational Psychology, 2020
This study investigated whether presenting a picture before reading can encourage situation-model construction. We compared two conditions (n = 30) which differed in whether a picture of the initial situation described in a narrative text was presented before reading (i.e. pictorial-support condition) or not (i.e. no-picture condition).…
Descriptors: Pictorial Stimuli, Reading Comprehension, Eye Movements, Scaffolding (Teaching Technique)
McCrudden, Matthew T.; Huynh, Linh; Lyu, Bailing; Kulikowich, Jonna M. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2021
The purpose of this study was to investigate bridging inferences and learning when students with low topic knowledge read multiple complementary biology texts. Using a think-aloud protocol, we assessed students' (n = 74) cognitive processes while they read one text about principles of natural selection and three texts about examples of natural…
Descriptors: Inferences, Knowledge Level, Prior Learning, Biology
Analyzing the Cultural Critical Discourse of Adolescent Authentic Discussions Using Online Booktalks
Cereghini, Christina A. – ProQuest LLC, 2018
This mixed methods study investigates the effect of cultural and sociolinguistic textures of talk on authentic discussion patterns and whether reading comprehension and inferencing are affected in an online booktalk environment with adolescents. The research will also investigate the contextual features of the classroom community to be studied to…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Interpersonal Communication, Sociolinguistics, Reading Comprehension