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Linh Huynh; Danielle S. McNamara – Grantee Submission, 2025
We conducted two experiments to assess the alignment between Generative AI (GenAI) text personalization and hypothetical readers' profiles. In Experiment 1, four LLMs (i.e., Claude 3.5 Sonnet; Llama; Gemini Pro 1.5; ChatGPT 4) were prompted to tailor 10 science texts (i.e., biology, chemistry, physics) to accommodate four different profiles…
Descriptors: Natural Language Processing, Profiles, Individual Differences, Semantics
Sonia, Allison N.; Joseph, Magliano P.; McCarthy, Kathryn S.; Creer, Sarah D.; McNamara, Danielle S.; Allen, Laura K. – Grantee Submission, 2022
The constructed responses individuals generate while reading can provide insights into their coherence-building processes. The current study examined how the cohesion of constructed responses relates to performance on an integrated writing task. Participants (N = 95) completed a multiple document reading task wherein they were prompted to think…
Descriptors: Natural Language Processing, Connected Discourse, Reading Processes, Writing Skills
Sonia, Allison N.; Magliano, Joseph P.; McCarthy, Kathryn S.; Creer, Sarah D.; McNamara, Danielle S.; Allen, Laura, K. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2022
The constructed responses individuals generate while reading can provide insights into their coherence-building processes. The current study examined how the cohesion of constructed responses relates to performance on an integrated writing task. Participants (N = 95) completed a multiple document reading task wherein they were prompted to think…
Descriptors: Natural Language Processing, Connected Discourse, Reading Processes, Writing Skills
Nicula, Bogdan; Perret, Cecile A.; Dascalu, Mihai; McNamara, Danielle S. – Grantee Submission, 2020
Open-ended comprehension questions are a common type of assessment used to evaluate how well students understand one of multiple documents. Our aim is to use natural language processing (NLP) to infer the level and type of inferencing within readers' answers to comprehension questions using linguistic and semantic features within their responses.…
Descriptors: Natural Language Processing, Taxonomy, Responses, Semantics
Joseph P. Magliano; Lauren Flynn; Daniel P. Feller; Kathryn S. McCarthy; Danielle S. McNamara; Laura Allen – Grantee Submission, 2022
The goal of this study was to assess the relationships between computational approaches to analyzing constructed responses made during reading and individual differences in the foundational skills of reading in college readers. We also explored if these relationships were consistent across texts and samples collected at different institutions and…
Descriptors: Semantics, Computational Linguistics, Individual Differences, Reading Materials
Yu, Xiaoli – International Journal of Language Testing, 2021
This study examined the development of text complexity for the past 25 years of reading comprehension passages in the National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in China. Text complexity of 206 reading passages at lexical, syntactic, and discourse levels has been measured longitudinally and compared across the years. The natural language…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Tests, Difficulty Level, Natural Language Processing
Graesser, Arthur C.; McNamara, Danielle S.; Cai, Zhiqang; Conley, Mark; Li, Haiying; Pennebaker, James – Elementary School Journal, 2014
Coh-Metrix analyzes texts on multiple measures of language and discourse that are aligned with multilevel theoretical frameworks of comprehension. Dozens of measures funnel into five major factors that systematically vary as a function of types of texts (e.g., narrative vs. informational) and grade level: narrativity, syntactic simplicity, word…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Guidelines, Syntax, Reading Comprehension
Graesser, Arthur C.; McNamara, Danielle S.; Cai, Zhiqiang; Conley, Mark; Li, Haiying; Pennebaker, James – Grantee Submission, 2014
Coh-Metrix analyzes texts on multiple measures of language and discourse that are aligned with multilevel theoretical frameworks of comprehension. Dozens of measures funnel into five major factors that systematically vary as a function of types of texts (e.g., narrative vs. informational) and grade level: narrativity, syntactic simplicity, word…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Guidelines, Syntax, Reading Comprehension
Crossley, Scott A.; Skalicky, Stephen; Dascalu, Mihai; McNamara, Danielle S.; Kyle, Kristopher – Discourse Processes: A multidisciplinary journal, 2017
Research has identified a number of linguistic features that influence the reading comprehension of young readers; yet, less is known about whether and how these findings extend to adult readers. This study examines text comprehension, processing, and familiarity judgment provided by adult readers using a number of different approaches (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Reading Comprehension, Readability, Adults
Sheehan, Kathleen M.; Flor, Michael; Napolitano, Diane; Ramineni, Chaitanya – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
This paper considers whether the sources of linguistic complexity presented within texts targeted at 1st-grade readers have increased, decreased, or held steady over the 52-year period from 1962 to 2013. A collection of more than 450 texts is examined. All texts were selected from Grade 1 textbooks published by Scott Foresman during the targeted…
Descriptors: Text Structure, Content Analysis, Grade 1, Elementary School Students
McNamara, Danielle S.; Crossley, Scott A.; McCarthy, Philip M. – Written Communication, 2010
In this study, a corpus of expert-graded essays, based on a standardized scoring rubric, is computationally evaluated so as to distinguish the differences between those essays that were rated as high and those rated as low. The automated tool, Coh-Metrix, is used to examine the degree to which high- and low-proficiency essays can be predicted by…
Descriptors: Essays, Undergraduate Students, Educational Quality, Computational Linguistics
Von Glasersfeld, Ernst – 1971
Information necessary to understand many English sentences appears to be supplied by a source outside the sentence which is composed of a fund of knowledge accumulated throughout life. This fund of knowledge may be visualized and a conceptual network into which the incomplete information supplied by a sentence can be mapped, thus making it…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Comprehension, Computational Linguistics, Conceptual Schemes