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Direct linkSmith, Mark D. – American Educational Research Journal, 2017
Cognitive validity examines the relationship between what an assessment aims to measure and what it actually elicits from test takers. The present study examined whether multiple-choice items from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) grade 12 U.S. history exam elicited the historical thinking processes they were designed to…
Descriptors: History, Thinking Skills, Tests, Alternative Assessment
Moss, Barbara, Ed.; Lapp, Diane, Ed. – Guilford Publications, 2009
Upper-elementary students encounter a sometimes dizzying array of traditional and nontraditional texts both in and outside of the classroom. This practical handbook helps teachers in grades 4-6 harness the instructional potential of fiction, poetry, and plays; informational texts; graphic novels; digital storytelling; Web-based and multimodal…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Protocol Analysis, High Stakes Tests, Cartoons
Peer reviewedWineburg, Samuel S. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1991
How people evaluate primary and secondary sources when considering historical questions was studied by asking eight historians and eight high school seniors to think aloud while reviewing written and pictorial documents about the Battle of Lexington. Differences between the groups are discussed concerning cognitive processes and beliefs about…
Descriptors: Adults, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Evaluation Methods
