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Torppa, Minna; Vasalampi, Kati; Eklund, Kenneth; Sulkunen, Sari; Niemi, Pekka – Educational Psychology, 2020
This paper examined if difficulty in reading comprehension (PISA) is distinct from difficulty in reading fluency and if the distinct types of reading difficulties are differently associated with learning motivation, school burnout, and school enjoyment. The participants were 1324 Finnish ninth graders. Findings suggested that difficulties in…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Difficulty Level, Reading Fluency, Learning Motivation
Namaziandost, Ehsan; Nasri, Mehdi; Ziafar, Meisam – Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 2019
Considering the vital role of comprehensible input, this study attempted to compare the effects of input with various difficulty levels on Iranian EFL learners' reading comprehension and reading motivation. To fulfil this objective, 54 Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners were selected from two intact classes (n = 27 each). The selected…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Linguistic Input
Techaraungrong, Piyaporn; Suksakulchai, Surachai; Kaewprapan, Wacheerapan; Murphy, Elizabeth – Education and Information Technologies, 2017
The purpose of the study reported on in this paper was to design and test multimedia for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) learners. The study focused on counting, addition and subtraction with grade one (age 7) DHH learners in Thailand. The multimedia created for the study was informed by design considerations for DHH learners of arithmetic and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Deafness, Hearing Impairments, Elementary School Students

Fass, Warren; Schumacher, Gary M. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1978
Undergraduates read a prose passage and were tested on its contents. Difficulty, permission to underline key phrases, and financial motivation were varied. Non-highly motivated subjects performed better on the easy version; underlining aided highly motivated subjects and those reading the difficult version. (Author/RD)
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Higher Education, Learning Activities, Learning Motivation