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Toyama, Yukie; Hiebert, Elfrieda H.; Pearson, P. David – Educational Assessment, 2017
This study investigated the complexity of leveled passages used in four classroom reading assessments. A total of 167 passages leveled for Grades 1-6 from these assessments were analyzed using four analytical tools of text complexity. More traditional, two-factor measures of text complexity found a general trend of fairly consistent across-grade…
Descriptors: Reading Materials, Reading Skills, Student Evaluation, Difficulty Level
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Wodinsky, Marilyn; Nation, Paul – Reading in a Foreign Language, 1988
A word frequency study of two graded readers and an unsimplified text indicated that graded readers facilitated better foreign-language reading and vocabulary learning than did unsimplified texts. It was found that students needed to read several same-level texts to master vocabulary, and that vocabulary mastery was not necessary for successful…
Descriptors: Instructional Effectiveness, Readability Formulas, Reading Achievement, Reading Materials