The science of reading (SoR) is a term used for a body of evidence encompassing multi-disciplinary research from education, cognitive psychology, linguistics, and neuroscience. This evidence points to six key constructs that contribute to proficient reading: oral language, phonological awareness including phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency,…

A substantial amount of research has focused on children's reading development and reading problems, but in comparison there has been relatively little research into children's reading comprehension. This article provides an overview of the research that has investigated the skills and cognitive processes that support children's understanding of…

Describes three tests with college-aged students to investigate whether females and males read phonetically or visually and if the difference is sex-related. (GS)

Seven experiments were run to determine the precise nature of some of the variables which affect the processing of short-term visual information. In particular, retinal location, report order, processing order, lateral masking, and redundancy were studied along with the nature of the confusion errors which are made in the full report procedure.…

This paper identifies three trends in reading research that reflect the shift from an emphasis on teaching method to the examination of individual and contextual variables, an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the reading process, and the effort to develop more comprehensive models of the reading process. Three studies of cross-age and…

This report reviews traditional research on studying and supplements it with theory and research from other areas of education and psychology to obtain a clearer picture of the way people study. The state variable of the student's knowledge of the criterion task and the processing variables of encoding and of focusing attention are explored. Some…

Investigates the hypothesis that dialect speech interferes with the auditory discrimination of standard English speech sounds. (Editor/RK)

It is maintained that the distinction between "phonics" and "look and say" methods of teaching is irrelevant for learning to read, and it is suggested that there is a specific sequence of steps which are essential if children are to learn to read an alphabetic script. (Author/RK)

The focus of this experiment was on the effects of associative strength on retention of connected discourse, in terms of both single words and strings of words. Also of interest was the short- and long-term retention of two types of information, verbatim and substance. Verbatim information covered words and word sequences identical to those in the…

Discusses the author's experiments concerning the processes involved in reading. Results confirmed many of Edmund B. Huey's results from the 1890s. Discusses three empirical arguments concerning the teaching of reading in elementary schools. (BG)

Retrospective Miscue Analysis (RMA) is an effective instructional procedure in which a group of readers listen to tape recordings of oral readings. A group member may stop the tape whenever a miscue is identified. The miscue is then analyzed by answering questions about the miscue. RMA can be easily adapted for use with microcomputers or for…

A number of findings of the Targeted Research and Development Program in Reading (TRDPR), Project 3 are reviewed, and the means by which they were arrived at are described. The outcome of the review is a statement of needs in reading research based on the TRDPR synthesis of what it defined as quality research. Some of the conclusions were the…

The relationship between writing and reading processes can be analyzed from several contextual perspectives. The contextual perspectives may be linguistic, social, schematic, or strategic. While the writer follows several steps in getting meaning into print, the reader may not be able to reverse perfectly these steps and get meaning from print.…

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a meaning-emphasis or a code-emphasis method of teaching beginning reading to first-grade children was most efficacious. The following procedures were employed: establishment of a workable definition of the reading process, development of an experimental design in which the control of natural…

This final report of the Targeted Research and Development Program in Reading, Project 2, Literature Search, constitutes the results of a massive search of literature in the area of reading to find and synthesize all of the literature pertaining to models of reading development and process. General areas of models considered are language…