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Chuanli Zang; Ying Fu; Hong Du; Xuejun Bai; Guoli Yan; Simon P. Liversedge – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Arguably, the most contentious debate in the field of eye movement control in reading has centered on whether words are lexically processed serially or in parallel during reading. Chinese is character-based and unspaced, meaning the issue of how lexical processing is operationalized across potentially ambiguous, multicharacter strings is not…
Descriptors: Chinese, Reading Processes, Language Processing, Phrase Structure
Shuyuan Chen; Jinzuan Chen; Yanping Liu – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2024
Purpose: This study aims to examine whether binocular vision plays a facilitating or impeding role in lexical processing during sentence reading in Chinese. Method: Adopting the revised boundary paradigm, we orthogonally manipulated the parafoveal and foveal viewing conditions (monocular vs. binocular) of target words (high- vs. low-frequency)…
Descriptors: Chinese, Reading Processes, Eye Movements, Language Processing
Gu, Junjuan; Zhou, Junyi; Bao, Yaqian; Liu, Jiayu; Perea, Manuel; Li, Xingshan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Previous research in alphabetic languages has shown that both position (external, internal) and distance (adjacent, nonadjacent) modulate letter position encoding during reading. To examine the generality of this pattern for a comprehensive model of word recognition and reading, we examined these effects during Chinese reading (i.e., an unspaced…
Descriptors: Chinese, Reading Processes, Orthographic Symbols, Reading Rate
Cong, Fengjiao; Chen, Baoguo – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2022
Reading is a very complex task in which readers obtain information to promote reading from not only the fixated word located in the foveal area but also non-fixated words located in the parafoveal area. We aimed to investigate the second language (L2) parafoveal orthographic (letter identity and letter position) processing mechanism adopting the…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Reading Processes, Second Language Learning, Native Language
Azman, Hazita; Mihat, Warid; Soh, Or Kan – International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching, 2021
Although eye tracking handbooks have established imperative discussion on how the data should be analysed and written, there is still a dearth in the literature on data collection guidelines caused by the variety of features in different kinds of eye trackers. In this study, the researchers review the use of a wearable eye tracking apparatus with…
Descriptors: Measurement Equipment, Eye Movements, Data Collection, Guidelines
Liu, Pingping; Lu, Qin – Journal of Research in Reading, 2018
This paper studies the mechanisms behind the differential effects of inserting a space either before or after a two-character unit on information processing through the examination of eye movements in Chinese, a language where there is no word delimiters. A two-character unit in this study is either a word-preserving stimulus or a word-disrupting…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Chinese, Reading Processes, Orthographic Symbols
van Moort, Marianne L.; Koornneef, Arnout; van den Broek, Paul W. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2021
To build a coherent accurate mental representation of a text, readers routinely validate information they read against the preceding text and their background knowledge. It is clear that both sources affect processing, but "when" and "how" they exert their influence remains unclear. To examine the time course and cognitive…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Eye Movements, Prior Learning, Reading Comprehension
Pan, Jinger; Laubrock, Jochen; Yan, Ming – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2021
In two eye-tracking experiments, we investigated the processing of information about phonological consistency of Chinese phonograms during sentence reading. In Experiment 1, we adopted the error disruption paradigm in silent reading and found significant effects of phonological consistency and homophony in the foveal vision, but only in a late…
Descriptors: Phonology, Reading Processes, Error Patterns, Oral Reading
Xiong, Jianping; Yu, Lili; Veldre, Aaron; Reichle, Erik D.; Andrews, Sally – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
In this study, we examined the effects of word and character frequency across three commonly used word-identification tasks (lexical decision, naming, and sentence reading) using the same set of two-character target words (N = 60) and participants (N = 82). Facilitatory effects of word frequency were observed across all three tasks. The…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Orthographic Symbols, Chinese, Correlation
Pellicer-Sánchez, Ana – RELC Journal: A Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2020
Students in academic contexts are expected to engage with large amounts of reading and they frequently meet unknown words and phrases in those reading materials. Previous research has shown that second and foreign language learners can acquire some of the unknown vocabulary that they encounter during reading. However, these previous findings were…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Yeari, Menahem; Oudega, Marja; van den Broek, Paul – Journal of Research in Reading, 2017
The present study investigated the effect of text highlighting on online processing and memory of central and peripheral information. We compared processing time (using eye-tracking methodology) and recall of central and peripheral information for three types of highlighting: (a) highlighting of central information, (b) highlighting of peripheral…
Descriptors: Memory, Eye Movements, Reading Processes, Comparative Analysis
Kim, Young-Suk Grace; Petscher, Yaacov; Vorstius, Christopher – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2021
We examined the relations between working memory, emergent literacy skills (e.g., phonological awareness, orthographic awareness, rapid-automatized naming), word reading, and listening comprehension to online reading processes (eye movements), and their relations to reading comprehension. A total of 292 students were assessed on working memory and…
Descriptors: Reading Research, Short Term Memory, Emergent Literacy, Listening Comprehension
Zhou, Wei; Shu, Hua; Miller, Kevin; Yan, Ming – Journal of Research in Reading, 2018
Background: Disruptions of reading processes due to text substitutions can measure how readers use lexical information. Methods: With eye-movement recording, children and adults viewed sentences with either identical, orthographically similar, homophonic or unrelated substitutions of the first characters in target words. To the extent that readers…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Eye Movements, Phonology, Orthographic Symbols
Khelifi, Rachid; Sparrow, Laurent; Casalis, Séverine – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2019
In the present study, the frequency effect was examined specifically in text reading in developing and expert readers. Third graders, fifth graders, and expert readers read the same short text containing high- and low-frequency words while their eye movements were recorded. The frequency effect was observed in temporal and spatial measures of eye…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Comparative Analysis, Elementary School Students, Grade 3
Shingo Nahatame – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2022
This study is an extension of Nahatame's (2018) research that demonstrated the effects of causal and semantic relations between sentences on second language (L2) text processing. Employing eye tracking, this study aimed to examine whether these effects appear during more natural, uninterrupted reading processes and to identify the time course of…
Descriptors: Semantics, Language Processing, Reading Rate, Attribution Theory