The appendices accompany the full report "Using Bayesian Meta-Analysis to Explore the Components of Early Literacy Interventions. WWC 2023-008," (ED630495), which pilots a new taxonomy developed by early literacy experts and intervention developers as part of a larger effort to develop standard nomenclature for the components of literacy…

The predominant context for strategy research over the last three decades has focused on language learning situated in a conventional classroom environment. Computer technology has brought about many changes in language learning and has become ecological and normalized rather than a supporting tool in the language classroom. Consequently, the…

This literature review aims to analyze previous studies that address the incidental learning of vocabulary in second language acquisition. The articles included in this literature review look into the understanding of vocabulary learning through incidental means, the relationship of reading and incidental vocabulary learning, and the strategies…

This article reports on an action research project that proposes to improve the reading comprehension and vocabulary of undergraduate students of English for Specific Purposes--explosives majors, at a police training institute in Colombia. I used the qualitative research method to explore and reflect upon the teaching-learning processes during…

Constrained skills theory is a reconceptualization of reading development that suggests a continuum of skills, with some, such as letter knowledge and decoding abilities, more tightly constrained than others, such as phonological awareness and oral reading fluency. The most constrained skills consist of a limited number of items and thus can be…

Students who struggle with reading comprehension in middle school often lack the academic vocabulary the need to understand grade-level textbooks and other instructional materials. Research shows that to learn a new word well, students need to encounter and use it multiple times in different contexts. The authors describe Word Generation, a…

The purpose of this literature review is to identify the most effective instructional principles for English language learners (ELLs) as documented by prominent researchers in the field and existing research reviews. This report is intended as a high-level synthesis of existing reviews of the literature rather than a comprehensive search and…

Middle level students are making the transition from "learning to read" to "reading to learn." They are discovering how to apply the foundational reading skills they were taught in elementary school to text and content that is longer and more conceptually complex, and that incorporates more advanced terminology. This is no small task for students…

Students in Deanna L. Nelson's high school classroom study vocabulary gradually over a period of time. Students begin by collecting words from readings and listing them on a designated whiteboard. They prepare practice quizzes to exchange with peers and engage in frequent vocabulary discussions that emphasize recognition of context clues and other…

Preschoolers enthusiastically tackle reading when they get to read and share their "special" words. The author, a preschool teacher, describes a successful classroom strategy for helping students make the connection between print and meaning. As students develop word lists that have special meaning for them and then use these words in stories and…

In spite of its obvious importance to academic success, vocabulary development has received little instructional attention in recent years. But finding ways to increase students' vocabulary growth throughout the school years must become a major educational priority. The purpose of this booklet is to help educators and administrators make…

Researchers and educators involved in designing programs of vocabulary instruction must take a more realistic view of the task they face and realize that vocabulary instruction has limitations. First among these limitations is the sheer size of the task. Teaching the meanings of new words one at a time cannot possibly ensure the volume of…

Discusses the use of analogy strategies, which involve comparing word parts to other known words, to teach reading. Reports on a study that showed positive effects from teaching analogy strategies to second-grade students and to learning disabled fifth-grade students. (FL)

Prepared as part of a series to help college students improve their use of study time and learning materials, this booklet presents a seven-step method for improving reading skills. Each section of the booklet discusses a separate step in the method--(1) evaluating reading habits, (2) providing the right atmosphere for reading, (3) using the eyes…

This book provides practical strategies and tools for assessing and teaching even the most hard to reach English language learners across the content areas. Syrja offers educators the latest information on working with ELLs (including using formative assessments) and provides a wealth of classroom-tested models and measures. These tools have…