Grade retention has been the de facto policy for children with academic difficulties in many Latin American countries [Schiefelbein, E., & Wolff, L. (1992). "Repetition and inadequate achievement in Latin America's primary schools: a review of magnitudes, causes, relationships, and strategies." Washington, DC: World Bank.]. In Costa…

The Child Development Project run by the Cleveland public schools gives eligible four-year-olds basic experiences, not generally available in the home, that help them develop learning skills needed for success in school. Language and other pre-reading skills are emphasized. Each project class includes about 20 children, who attend half-day, five…