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Direct linkCowan, Nelson; Elliott, Emily M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
We used the timing of serial recall in several situations to reveal important aspects of recall groupings that participants construct and the reasons those groupings occur. We examined the timing of responses in the recall of digit strings within two published experiments. Cowan, Saults, Elliott, and Moreno (2002) examined memory for nine-item…
Descriptors: Serial Ordering, Recall (Psychology), Reaction Time, Short Term Memory
AuBuchon, Angela M.; Elliott, Emily M.; Morey, Candice C.; Jarrold, Christopher; Cowan, Nelson; Adams, Eryn J.; Attwood, Meg; Bayram, Büsra; Blakstvedt, Taran Y.; Büttner, Gerhard; Castelain, Thomas; Cave, Shari; Crepaldi, Davide; Fredriksen, Eivor; Glass, Bret A.; Guitard, Dominic; Hoehl, Stefanie; Hosch, Alexis; Jeanneret, Stéphanie; Joseph, Tanya N.; Koch, Christopher; Lelonkiewicz, Jaroslaw R.; Meissner, Grace; Mendenhall, Whitney; Moreau, David; Ostermann, Thomas; Özdogru, Asil Ali; Padovani, Francesca; Poloczek, Sebastian; Röer, Jan Philipp; Schonberg, Christina; Tamnes, Christian K.; Tomasik, Martin J.; Valentini, Beatrice; Vergauwe, Evie; Vlach, Haley; Voracek, Martin – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2022
A recent Registered Replication Report (RRR) of the development of verbal rehearsal during serial recall revealed that children verbalized at younger ages than previously thought, but did not identify sources of individual differences. Here, we use mediation analysis to reanalyze data from the 934 children ranging from 5 to 10 years old from the…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Phonology, Serial Ordering, Recall (Psychology)
Ricker, Timothy J.; Sandry, Joshua; Vergauwe, Evie; Cowan, Nelson – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
There is a long-standing debate over whether the passage of time causes forgetting from working memory, a process called trace decay. Researchers providing evidence against the existence of trace decay generally study memory by presenting familiar verbal memory items for 1 s or more per memory item, during the study period. In contrast,…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Short Term Memory, Time, Verbal Communication
Guitard, Dominic; Saint-Aubin, Jean; Cowan, Nelson – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
To recall a list of items just after the end of the presentation, participants must encode both the items and the order in which they were presented. Despite a long history of studying item and order information, little is known regarding the relation between them. Here, we examined this issue with a novel task in which participants saw two 4- or…
Descriptors: Interference (Learning), Recall (Psychology), Task Analysis, Item Analysis
Cowan, Nelson; Guitard, Dominic; Greene, Nathaniel R.; Fiset, Sylvain – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
In the traditional conception of working memory for word lists, phonological codes are used primarily, and semantic codes are often discarded or ignored. Yet, other evidence indicates an important role for semantic codes. We carried out a preplanned set of four experiments to determine whether phonological and semantic codes are used similarly or…
Descriptors: Phonology, Semantics, Short Term Memory, Rhyme
Baron, Lauren S.; Hogan, Tiffany P.; Alt, Mary; Gray, Shelley; Cabbage, Kathryn L.; Green, Samuel; Cowan, Nelson – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2018
Purpose: Orthographic facilitation describes the phenomenon in which a spoken word is produced more accurately when its corresponding written word is present during learning. We examined the orthographic facilitation effect in children with dyslexia because they have poor learning and recall of spoken words. We hypothesized that including…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Oral Language, Written Language, Children
Doherty, Jason M.; Belletier, Clement; Rhodes, Stephen; Jaroslawska, Agnieszka; Barrouillet, Pierre; Camos, Valerie; Cowan, Nelson; Naveh-Benjamin, Moshe; Logie, Robert H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Theories of working memory often disagree on the relationships between processing and storage, particularly on how heavily they rely on an attention-based limited resource. Some posit separation and specialization of resources resulting in minimal interference to memory when completing an ongoing processing task, while others argue for a greater…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Attention, Recall (Psychology)
Adams, Eryn J.; Cowan, Nelson – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2021
Working memory is necessary for a wide variety of cognitive abilities. Developmental work has shown that as working memory capacities increase, so does the ability to successfully perform other cognitive tasks, including language processing. The present work demonstrates the effects of working memory availability on children's language production.…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Young Children, Syntax, Cognitive Processes
Rhodes, Stephen; Cowan, Nelson; Hardman, Kyle O.; Logie, Robert H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Provided stimuli are highly distinct, the detection of changes between two briefly separated arrays appears to be achieved by an all-or-none process where either the relevant information is in working memory or observers guess. This observation suggests that it is possible to estimate the average number of items an observer was able to retain…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Change
Ricker, Timothy J.; Cowan, Nelson – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Understanding forgetting from working memory, the memory used in ongoing cognitive processing, is critical to understanding human cognition. In the past decade, a number of conflicting findings have been reported regarding the role of time in forgetting from working memory. This has led to a debate concerning whether longer retention intervals…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Recall (Psychology), Time
Cowan, Nelson; Hismjatullina, Anna; Aubuchon, Angela M.; Saults, J. Scott; Horton, Neil; Leadbitter, Kathy; Towse, John – Developmental Psychology, 2010
The nature of the childhood development of immediate recall has been difficult to determine. There could be a developmental increase in either the number of chunks held in working memory or the use of grouping to make the most of a constant capacity. In 3 experiments with children in the early elementary school years and adults, we show that…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Experiments, Child Development
Dewar, Michaela; Pesallaccia, Martina; Cowan, Nelson; Provinciali, Leandro; Della Sala, Sergio – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Impairment on standard tests of delayed recall is often already maximal in the aMCI stage of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuropathological work shows that the neural substrates of memory function continue to deteriorate throughout the progression of the disease, hinting that further changes in memory performance could be tracked by a more sensitive test…
Descriptors: Structural Elements (Construction), Models, Alzheimers Disease, Word Lists
Gilchrist, Amanda L.; Cowan, Nelson; Naveh-Benjamin, Moshe – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2009
Child development is accompanied by a robust increase in immediate memory. This may be due to either an increase in the number of items (chunks) that can be maintained in working memory or an increase in the size of those chunks. We tested these hypotheses by presenting younger and older children (7 and 12 years of age) and adults with different…
Descriptors: Sentences, Word Lists, Age Differences, Short Term Memory
Towse, John N.; Cowan, Nelson; Horton, Neil J.; Whytock, Shealagh – Developmental Psychology, 2008
Working memory is an important theoretical construct among children, and measures of its capacity predict a range of cognitive skills and abilities. Data from 9- and 11-year-old children illustrate how a chronometric analysis of recall can complement and elaborate recall accuracy in advancing our understanding of working memory. A reading span…
Descriptors: Memory, Recall (Psychology), Children, Cognitive Ability
Peer reviewedCowan, Nelson; Nugent, Lara D.; Elliott, Emily M.; Ponomarev, Igor; Saults, J. Scott – Child Development, 1999
This study examined ability of first and fourth graders and adults to recall digits they heard while they were carrying out a visual task. Results suggested that each individual has a core memory capacity limit that can be observed in circumstances in which it cannot be supplemented by mnemonic strategies. The capacity limit increases with age…
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Attention, Children
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