In experiment 1, 48 first-grade children were presented one of four elaboration strategies or labeling instructions during a single study trial and then recalled 16 paired associates. In experiment 2, 32 first-grade children were trained over a four-day period in the use of an interrogative elaboration strategy or received labeling instructions.…

A paired-associate task relational or non-relational visual and linguistic stimuli was presented to kindergarten and fifth-grade students. Results indicated that a relationship in both modes facilitated recall better than a relationship in only one mode, and that a relationship in either mode was better for recall than none at all. (DP)

Investigated whether there exists a stage of development at which "imagery-inducing motor activity" ceases to be facilitative relative to the effectiveness of alternative kinds of associative-learning strategies. (Author/SDH)

The effects of aural and pictorial elaborative prompts were estimated separately for response and associative phase components of children's noun-pair learning. Indices of response learning revealed equivalent effects among prompt conditions whereas measures of associative learning demonstrated substantial performance facilitation as a function of…

Results of this study offer clear evidence that the verb facilitation effect in children's associative learning is not dependent on the presentation of a consistent verb connective. (Author)

The deep structure description of a sentence marks the actual grammatical relationships that exist among the words. It is in the deep structure that "meaning" is rendered. Two sentences that are marked differently in deep structure might give rise to the same description in surface structure. Three experiments examined the "psychological reality"…

Examines the hypothesis that first, third, and sixth graders' recall of noun triplets would be facilitated by using (1) related pictures of nouns, (2) training in imagining relations between separate pictures of nouns, and (3) a combination of these two processes. (DP)

This paper focuses on a study which replicates and extends earlier work employing a recognition memory paradigm to investigate children's memory and developmental changes in dominant word associations. On the recognition test the implicit associative response can lead to better memory for the original items (this is the hit rate), and it can also…

Presents research findings that support the use of mnemonic devices that improve spelling ability by linking the difficult part of a word to its correct spelling in a memory cue sentence. (RL)

Results show that paired-associate learning proceeds at a faster rate beyond the third grade. (Authors)

Tested children for recall of paired associates. Traditional measures of recall suggested that older children displayed better retention than younger children. But when data were reevaluated using a technique that statistically controlled for degree of learning, developmental differences in retention disappeared. (BC)

Twenty male and 20 female first graders were trained in a paired-associates (PA) learning task to test the hypothesis that instructions to generate interactive mental images of word referents and interactive imagery training administered prior to PA learning facilitate cued recall. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following five…

The reports of eight studies testing the effects of elaboration on the learning of children are compiled in this document. Mental elaboration is "thinking while learning" which occurs as the learner actively adds context to the material he is asked to process. Supplied elaboration, included in these studies, occurs when the learner is provided…

Presents a study of paired-associative learning involving a total of 80 preschool and second grade children. Four familiarization categories of pretraining were utilized; results are discussed in terms of the effects of pretraining conditions and age on paired-associative learning and their consistency with some developmental hypotheses and phase…

This study investigates the role of labeling in developmental increases in picture recall. In two experiments, the memory for pictorial paired-associates of first graders or second graders, fourth graders and adults was evaluated by means of a study-test cued recall procedure. In Experiment 1, the stimulus presentation duration (on-time) and the…