The relationships between processing speed, intelligence, and school achievement were analyzed on a sample of 184 Russian 16-year-old students. Two speeded tasks required the discrimination of simple geometrical shapes and the recognition of the presented meaningless figures. Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices and the verbal subtests of…

Using data from a longitudinal study of preterms and full-terms, the present study examined the structure of infant cognition at 12 months, the extent to which five 12-month abilities (attention, processing speed, recognition, recall, and representational competence) mediated the relation from prematurity to mental development at 2-3 years, and…

Young adults, originally tested as infants for their ability to process information as measured by selective attention to novelty (an operational definition of visual recognition memory), were revisited. A current estimate of IQ was obtained as well as a measure of academic achievement. Information processing ability at 6-12 months was predictive…

A study involving 90 children (50 preterm and 40 full-term) found continuity in visual recognition memory from early infancy (7 months) to later childhood (11 years), even when other measures of memory at 11 years were controlled. Implications for the study of other types of infant memory are discussed. (SLD)

Studied the relationship of recognition memory, as evidenced by novelty preference in infancy, and characteristics of the home environment, measured by parental socioeconomic status, to children's later intellectual competence. Results for 69 Norwegian children, all born prematurely, show that visual recognition memory makes a significant…

The present study explored the dimensionality of cognition at 12 months by factor analyzing data from a large cohort of preterm and full-term infants (N=182). Two analyses were done. In the first, using only measures used earlier, when the infants were 7 months of age, the same three factors emerged at 12 months as at the earlier age-namely,…

The present study explored the dimensionality of infant cognition by factor analyzing measures from a battery of tasks administered to a large cohort of 7-month-old preterm and full-term infants (N=203). A principal axis factor analysis yielded three factors accounting for 37[percent] of the variance. There was one attention factor (look duration…

First and fifth graders in two IQ groupings reconstructed pictures which were variations on a prototypic picture. In subsequent recognition, children gave confidence ratings on the "oldness" of the pictures. Prototypes were recognized with most confidence. Younger and lower IQ children were less sure about noncases being "new".…

Long-term memory differences between 30 mentally retarded and 30 nonretarded young adults were assessed. Subjects studied a picture book after receiving semantic or nonsemantic encoding instructions. Semantic encoding improved the retarded subjects' recognition memory. Once items were encoded at a deep level, the long-term recognition of all…

Three experiments were conducted with 91 male and 91 female university students to assess sex differences in performance on speeded matching tests and theory on same-different judgments. Results are interpreted via the dual-process hypothesis of same-difference judgments with sex differences explained in terms of serial comparison processes rather…

Individual differences in visual recognition memory and intelligence were correlated using 52 five-year-olds whose IQs ranged from 40-136. The correlation between memory performance and IQ was .70 for whole sample, and .61 when children with IQs below 75 were omitted. Immediate recognition memory is highly associated with intelligence. (Author/RD)

Three studies of college students found a sex difference in the correlation of memory scanning rate, short- and long-term components of free recall, and word recognition with memory span. Findings are discussed in terms of prior work and a theory presented to account for the obtained sex differences. (Author/RD)

Statistically significant correlations of .37 and .57 were obtained between infant recognition memory scores obtained at four to seven months and later vocabulary tests of intelligence, for 54 children tested at four and for 39 children seen at seven years, respectively. Obtained values did not vary by sex. (Author/RD)

A novelty preference method was used to examine memory processes in retarded persons. Recognition memory as indexed by novel looking declined over the retention interval. Since memory is being inferred from response preferences which reflect an induced motivational state, satiation, the relationship between this state and memory must be…

Studies reporting predictions from assessments of infant recognition memory to later developmental performance and IQ are critiqued. Inelegancies in design, procedure, and analyses are noted. While this approach may have potential, its utility for practical or clinical purposes is still not demonstrated. (Author/RD)