This study was to further examine the multimedia redundancy effect in learning a basic level of Microsoft "Access" 2013 application. Two groups of teacher education majors were randomly assigned into one of the two 20-minute instructional modules: (a) graphics and narration and (b) graphics, narration, and text. The text was duplication…

Autonomously developing organisms face several challenges when learning reaching movements. First, motor control is learned unsupervised or self-supervised. Second, knowledge of sensorimotor contingencies is acquired in contexts in which action consequences unfold in time. Third, motor redundancies must be resolved. To solve all 3 of these…

Describes two experiments conducted with Australian high school students that investigated the use of self-contained, screen-based material for learning new computer application programs as opposed to using manuals and computer screen information that requires split-attention. Discusses redundancy and the need to reduce extraneous cognitive load.…

This study examines the characteristics and quality of simplification in graded readers as compared to those of "normal" authentic English. Two passages from graded readers are compared with the original passages. The comparison uses a computer programme, RANGE (Nation and Heatley, 2003) to analyse the distribution of high and low frequency words…