Notes that three papers and commentary (in this issue) emphasized importance of including data on manual modality when studying language development and its relationship to other domains. Discusses advantages of using robustness analysis rather than precursor relations to study domain relations. Suggests alternative theoretical context to which…

Discusses the problem of data redundancy in a fuzzy relational data model and describes three existing frameworks of fuzzy data representation and redundancy treatment. A new treatment based on Zadeh's extension principle is proposed. (18 references) (MES)

Discusses three causes of redundancy in writing: lack of revision, attempts at precision, and conceptual confusion. (SR)

A current limitation of the connectionist approach to second language acquisition (SLA) research is that it does not, to my knowledge, include complex linguistic representations. This article proposes a partial solution to this limitation by motivating and illustrating specific analyses that utilize the signbased representations developed within…

College students viewed a short multimedia PowerPoint presentation consisting of 16 narrated slides explaining lightning formation (Experiment 1) or 8 narrated slides explaining how a car's braking system works (Experiment 2). Each slide appeared for approximately 8-10 s and contained a diagram along with 1-2 sentences of narration spoken in a…

The purpose of this study was to examine the redundancy effects obtained when spoken information was duplicated in writing during the learning of a multimedia document. Documents consisting of diagrams and spoken information on the development of memory models were presented to three groups of students. In the first group, no written text was…

Explores the erroneous assumptions underlying Burleson's criticism of Beatty and Payne and examines in context the evidence selected by Burleson to support his criticism. (NKA)

Two experiments involving 459 college students show that the preference for redundancy depends on one's intuitive theory of information. Identifies the Error Tradeoff Model as the most common intuitive theory and describes alternative theories favored by some participants. (SLD)

Experiments within the microgenetic paradigm provide an assessment of the role of stimulus structure and, inferentially, of cognitive structure on perception. Two experiments investigating the effect of redundancy (structure) in written language on visual perception are reported. Seven-letter arrays differing in percentage of redundancy were…

Recent events in behavior modification stimulated application of communication theory to teacher behavior and classroom management. For the purposes of this present investigation, it was assumed that criteria of effective communication are highly dependent on the phenomena of redundancy and consistency, which are both of major importance in any…

We need a different view of teaching writing--a principle that allows us to formulate sequential learning environments with specific objectives--what the author chooses to call the Principle of Redundancy. This principle provides the student with meaningful choices about how he will learn. It states, "In any language course, parallel back-up…

One experiment examined two and one-half, three and one-half and four and one-half year olds' ability to conduct nonredundant comprehensive searches of small lidded trash cans. A second experiment examined three , four, and five year olds' ability to find Easter eggs hidden on a large playground. Results were discussed in relation to developmental…

Investigated young children's (N=20) comprehension of sentences containing one or more markers using three tasks in two experiments. Results suggested that children's comprehension of sentential number is aided by redundancy of information involving different syntactic markers, but not by mere repetition of the same maker. (JAC)