Many states and universities have testing requirements within their undergraduate teacher education programs for obtaining teaching licensure. These tests include the Praxis Core in reading, writing, and mathematics taken at the beginning of their program and content area assessments near the end of their study. Many students struggle to pass…

This article examines a praxis model of teacher education and advances a new method for engaging novice teachers in reflective practice and robust teacher learning. Social design experiments--cultural historical formations designed to promote transformative learning for adults and children--are organized around expansive notions of learning and…