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Showing 1 to 15 of 26 results Save | Export
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Samantha Bergmann; Tiffany Kodak – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2024
Parity is one source of automatic reinforcement that increases the probability of verbal behavior that conforms to models provided by the verbal community. Parity as a conditioned reinforcer could explain the acquisition of grammar in the absence of direct, explicit reinforcement. This possibility has been explored in previous research on…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Preschool Education, Verbal Development, Responses
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Seray Olcay; Elif Karabulut; Dincer Saral – International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2024
Telehealth is a broad term that describes the use of communication technologies to deliver diagnoses and educational services. Recent guidelines for practicing telehealth indicate that interventions directly delivered to individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) via telehealth may be appropriate and effective. However, as few studies have…
Descriptors: Telecommunications, Educational Technology, Intervention, Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Arrastia-Chisholm, Meagan C.; Alvis, Allyson; Miah, Mizanur – National Youth-At-Risk Journal, 2020
In this literature synthesis, research concerning the effects of parental incarceration on children is reviewed. Literature from across disciplines is synthesized to advance the understanding of how parental incarceration affect children, as well as to propose vicarious reinforcement and punishment as a potential mechanism to explain positive…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Punishment, Children, Parent Influence
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Rodriguez Buritica, Julia M.; Eppinger, Ben; Schuck, Nicolas W.; Heekeren, Hauke R.; Li, Shu-Chen – Developmental Science, 2016
Observational learning is an important mechanism for cognitive and social development. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying observational learning in children are not well understood. In this study, we used a probabilistic reward-based observational learning paradigm to compare behavioral and electrophysiological markers of…
Descriptors: Correlation, Children, Observational Learning, Reinforcement
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Yilmaz, Meliha; Yilmaz, Ugur; Demir-Yilmaz, Ece Nur – International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 2019
With the developing technology, acceleration of visual production and increasing of peoples' relation with generated visuals (painting, photograph, video, computer games, poster, etc.), is a situation which affect perceptual and behavioral characteristic of people. As a result of connection with generated visuals, changes at the perception and…
Descriptors: Social Environment, Socialization, Correlation, Learning Theories
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Leaf, Justin B.; Oppenheim-Leaf, Misty L.; Townley-Cochran, Donna; Leaf, Jeremy A.; Alcalay, Aditt; Milne, Christine; Kassardjian, Alyne; Tsuji, Kathleen; Dale, Stephanie; Leaf, Ronald; Taubman, Mitchell; McEachin, John – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2016
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have qualitative impairments in social interaction and often prefer food or tangible reinforcement to social reinforcement. Thus, therapists who work with children with ASD often use food or tangible items as reinforcers to increase appropriate behaviors or decrease problem behaviors. The goal of the…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Interpersonal Competence, Preferences
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Shepley, Collin; Lane, Justin D.; Gast, David L. – Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 2016
A multiple probe design across behaviors was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a SMART Board used in conjunction with teacher delivered constant time delay (CTD) to teach environmental text to three young students with disabilities and minimal group learning experience during small group direct instruction. Observational learning, instructive…
Descriptors: Disabilities, Assistive Technology, Environmental Education, Learning Experience
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Palmer, David C. – Behavior Analyst, 2012
Evolution and reinforcement shape adaptive forms and adaptive behavior through many cycles of blind variation and selection, and therein lie their parsimony and power. Human behavior is distinctive in that this shaping process is commonly "short circuited": Critical variations are induced in a single trial. The processes by which this economy is…
Descriptors: Adjustment (to Environment), Stimuli, Observational Learning, Reinforcement
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Leaf, Justin B.; Oppenheim-Leaf, Misty L.; Leaf, Ronald; Courtemanche, Andrea B.; Taubman, Mitchell; McEachin, John; Sheldon, Jan B.; Sherman, James A. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2012
Children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may play with limited objects or toys, making it difficult for teachers to identify reinforcers to use in teaching new skills. The goal of this study was to alter children's preferences from highly preferred toys to toys that were originally less preferred using an observational pairing procedure.…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Reinforcement, Observational Learning, Autism
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Ledford, Jennifer R.; Wolery, Mark – Exceptional Children, 2013
The authors describe an intervention for 3 preschoolers with disabilities who had low peer-related social competence. The intervention taught academic skills tailored to the need of each target student in small groups (triads) with two typically developing peers, using a progressive time delay procedure. Prior to instruction and separate from the…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Disabilities, Interpersonal Competence, Peer Groups
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Fryling, Mitch J.; Johnston, Cristin; Hayes, Linda J. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2011
Observational learning is an important area in the field of psychology and behavior science more generally. Given this, it is essential that behavior analysts articulate a sound theory of how behavior change occurs through observation. This paper begins with an overview of seminal research in the area of observational learning, followed by a…
Descriptors: Observational Learning, Behavioral Sciences, Behavior Change, Behavior Modification
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Greer, R. Douglas; Singer-Dudek, Jessica – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
We report an experiment in which observations of peers by six 3-5-year-old participants under specific conditions functioned to convert a small plastic disc or, for one participant, a small piece of string, from a nonreinforcer to a reinforcer. Prior to the observational procedure, we compared each participant's responding on (a) previously…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Reinforcement, Observation, Young Children
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Harman, Marsha J.; Bruce, A. Jerry; Kordinak, S. Thomas – Journal on Educational Psychology, 2008
It is important as we look at the educational environment to understand that it is a complex system that calls for analyses at multiple levels. One who enters from a single theoretical orientation is at a distinct disadvantage. Particularly when unique students arrive with various emotional and behavioral difficulties, being restricted to a narrow…
Descriptors: Public Schools, Student Diversity, Classroom Environment, Educational Theories
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Singer-Dudek, Jessica; Greer, R. Douglas; Schmelzkopf, Jeannine – Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention, 2008
This study sought to further investigate the effects of an observational intervention for two participants on the reinforcing property of pieces of string. Pre-observational intervention data showed that the neutral stimuli (strings) did not function to reinforce two participants' responding to a performance task or learning three new skills that…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Intervention, Observational Learning, Reinforcement
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Kymissis, Effie; Poulson, Claire L. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1994
Five male preschool children were studied to determine the extent to which the generalized motor imitation model applies to vocal imitation. The use of a reinforced-imitation condition produced a systematic increase in verbal matching responses among three of the five children, which is consistent with previous studies. (SW)
Descriptors: Conditioning, Imitation, Observational Learning, Preschool Children
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