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Derman, Rifka C.; Schneider, Kevin; Juarez, Shaina; Delamater, Andrew R. – Learning & Memory, 2018
When discrete localizable stimuli are used during appetitive Pavlovian conditioning, "sign-tracking" and "goal-tracking" responses emerge. Sign-tracking is observed when conditioned responding is directed toward the CS, whereas goal-tracking manifests as responding directed to the site of expected reward delivery. These…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Responses, Stimuli, Rewards
Mazur, James E. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Parallel experiments with rats and pigeons examined whether the size of a pre-trial ratio requirement would affect choices in a self-control situation. In different conditions, either 1 response or 40 responses were required before each trial. In the first half of each experiment, an adjusting-ratio schedule was used, in which subjects could…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Animal Behavior, Research, Animals
Edwards, Timothy L.; Poling, Alan – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2011
This review summarizes the 6 studies with nonhuman animal subjects that have appeared in the "Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis" and offers suggestions for future research in this area. Two of the reviewed articles described translational research in which pigeons were used to illustrate and examine behavioral phenomena of applied significance…
Descriptors: Barriers, Animals, Horses, Behavioral Science Research
Podlesnik, Christopher A.; Bai, John Y. H.; Elliffe, Douglas – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Reinforcing an alternative response in the same context as a target response reduces the rate of occurrence but increases the persistence of that target response. Applied researchers who use such techniques to decrease the rate of a target problem behavior risk inadvertently increasing the persistence of the same problem behavior. Behavioral…
Descriptors: Persistence, Behavior Problems, Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning
Kyonka, Elizabeth G. E.; Grace, Randolph C. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Eight pigeons responded in a concurrent-chains procedure in which terminal-link schedules changed pseudorandomly across sessions. Pairs of terminal-link delays either summed to 15 s or to 45 s. Across sessions, the location of the shorter terminal link changed according to a pseudorandom binary sequence. On some terminal links, food was withheld…
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Animals, Animal Behavior, Reinforcement
April, L. Brooke; Bruce, Katherine; Galizio, Mark – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Previous research has shown that rats can learn matching-to-sample relations with olfactory stimuli; however, the specific characteristics of this relational control are unclear. In Experiment 1, 6 rats were trained to either match or nonmatch to sample in a modified operant chamber using common household spices as olfactory stimuli. After…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reinforcement, Generalization, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension)
Eppolito, Amy K.; France, Charles P.; Gerak, Lisa R. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Delay to delivery of a reinforcer can decrease responding for that reinforcer and increase responding for smaller reinforcers that are available concurrently and delivered without delay; acute administration of drugs can alter responding for large, delayed reinforcers, although the impact of chronic treatment on delay discounting is not well…
Descriptors: Animals, Delay of Gratification, Reinforcement, Responses
Rodewald, Andrew M.; Hughes, Christine E.; Pitts, Raymond C. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Four pigeons were exposed to a concurrent procedure similar to that used by Davison, Baum, and colleagues (e.g., Davison & Baum, 2000, 2006) in which seven components were arranged in a mixed schedule, and each programmed a different left:right reinforcer ratio (1:27, 1:9, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, 9:1, 27:1). Components within each session were presented…
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Animals, Animal Behavior, Reinforcement
Holth, Per – Behavior Analyst, 2012
A series of experiments on operant variability by Neuringer and colleagues (e.g., Neuringer, 1986, 2002; Page & Neuringer, 1985) have been repeatedly cited as showing that behavioral variability can be reinforced by making reinforcement contingent on it. They showed that the degree of variability in pigeons' eight-peck sequences, as measured by U…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Reinforcement, Topography
Campos, Heloisa Cursi; Debert, Paula; Barros, Romariz da Silva; McIlvane, William J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
A go/no-go procedure with compound stimuli typically establishes emergent behavior that parallels in structure and typical outcome that of conventional tests for symmetric, transitive, and equivalence relations in normally capable adults. The present study employed a go/no-go compound stimulus procedure with pigeons. During training, pecks to…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Mental Retardation, Animals, Animal Behavior
Sokolowski, Michel B. C.; Disma, Gerald; Abramson, Charles I. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
An operant conditioning situation for the blow fly ("Protophormia terrae novae") is described. Individual flies are trained to enter and reenter a hole as the operant response. Only a few sessions of contingent reinforcement are required to increase response rates. When the response is no longer followed by food, the rate of entering the hole…
Descriptors: Operant Conditioning, Responses, Behavioral Science Research, Animals
Misak, Paul; Cleaveland, J. Mark – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
In this article, we describe a test of the active time model for concurrent variable interval (VI) choice. The active time model (ATM) suggests that the time since the most recent response is one of the variables controlling choice in concurrent VI VI schedules of reinforcement. In our experiment, pigeons were trained in a multiple concurrent…
Descriptors: Models, Behavioral Science Research, Feedback (Response), Experiments
Lagorio, Carla H.; Hackenberg, Timothy D. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Pigeon and human subjects were given repeated choices between variable and adjusting delays to token reinforcement that titrated in relation to a subject's recent choice patterns. Indifference curves were generated under two different procedures: "immediate exchange," in which a token earned during each trial was exchanged immediately for access…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Psychological Patterns, Animals, Behavioral Science Research
Davison, Michael; Elliffe, Douglas; Marr, M. Jackson – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Four pigeons were trained on two-key concurrent variable-interval schedules with no changeover delay. In Phase 1, relative reinforcers on the two alternatives were varied over five conditions from 0.1 to 0.9. In Phases 2 and 3, we instituted a molar feedback function between relative choice in an interreinforcer interval and the probability of…
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Animals, Animal Behavior, Reinforcement
da Silva, Stephanie P.; Lattal, Kennon A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
The effects of reinforcer magnitude and response requirement on pigeons' say choices in an experimental homologue of human say-do correspondence were assessed in two experiments. The procedure was similar to a conditional discrimination procedure except the pigeons chose both a sample stimulus (the say component) and a comparison stimulus that…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reinforcement, Animals, Animal Behavior