This study was designed to answer two major questions: (1) whether or not operant conditioning procedures supplemented by treatments drawn from other areas of experimental psychology could produce changes in counselor interviewing behavior, and (2) how much change resulted from response specific reinforcement and how much from other factors. Three…

This study undertook to reconcile the views of cognitive and behavioral learning theorists on the issue whether learning without awareness (LWA) is possible, and if so, the circumstances under which it occurs. In Study One, two reinforcement procedures were compared in a structured verbal conditioning task. Study Two was a replication of Study…

This study examined the effects of two different training techniques, with and without behavioral feedback, on the acquisition and use of four interviewer behaviors: head nods, minimal verbal stimuli, probes, and confrontations. Sixty subjects classified as field-independent or field-dependent were randomly assigned to one of five experimental…