The authors describe some of the events preceding and supporting the beginning development of contingency management" and explain some of the applications of contingency management. (Authors/AA)

In the context of a "reinforced practice" treatment paradigm, the present study experimentally analyzed whether or not feedback superimposed upon contingent praise would have an additive therapeutic effect. (Author)

This research was designed to facilitate theory building regarding praise as a generalized reinforcer. (HMV)

Investigated the relationship between applied behavioral training and reinforcement preferences of classroom teachers. Data obtained from the Positive Reinforcement Observation Schedule, a paired comparison task, indicated minimal differential reinforcement preferences for classroom teachers with no training, limited training, or extensive…

The research reported in this document was an attempt to replicate the study by Wish, Cautela, and Steffen, and to test the effects of covert reinforcement on overt behavior. The subjects were 50 college students who were presented the task of estimating the diameter of each circle in a series presented by slide projector. Pre- and post-treatment…

Male subjects (N=96), defensive externals, congruent externals, and internals, participated in a level of aspiration task under either "game" or "test" instructions. As predicted, congruent externals showed significantly more realistic striving behavior in the test condition. (Author)

Ex-smokers (N = 61) who had stopped smoking as part of a televised "clinic" were assigned to either a tape-reinforcement or nonreinforcement condition and were followed up a month later. A self-regulated reward system can be an extremely cost-effective tool in preventing short-term recidivism among neophyte ex-smokers. (Author)

This study addressed three questions: Is there a reinforcing effect of positive covert imagery? Is the Reinforcement Survey Schedule a more effective aid to selection of positive imagery than individual selection of standardized assignment? Do multiple images produce greater conditioning than does a single image? Forty-six subjects were randomly…

A variable interval schedule of reinforcement was used with five behavior disordered boys (7-13 years old) to improve attending and study behavior of the children during the communicative skills period. (SBH)

The effects of a token reinforcement program on the classroom behavior of 19 delinquent boys in a correctional institution were investigated. Findings suggest that the use of global, composite measures may mask program effects on important component behaviors. (Author)

This study used time-out (TO) as the primary therapeutic intervention with a 13-year-old highly aggressive male in a public school setting. TO was used over a 10-week period with extinction of the specified behaviors occurring after the seventh week. During an 8-week follow-up only three instances of the aggressive behaviors were observed. (Author)

Participants were divided into three groups: (a) control group, (b) Treatment 1 involving the application of learning theory plus group therapy, and (c) Treatment 2 involving the same as Treatment 1 plus mutual help principles. Both treatment groups lost significantly more weight over a seven-week period than did the control group. (Author)

The present study demonstrated that complex "here-and-now" affective verbalizations, basic to most experiential or therapeutic groups, could be reliably induced in a group by simple reinforcement techniques. Further, reinforcement produced levels of performance equivalent to that induced by therapists. (Author)