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Randell, Jordan; Searle, Rob; Reed, Phil – Learning and Individual Differences, 2012
Schedules of reinforcement typically produce reliable patterns of behaviour, and one factor that can cause deviations from these normally reliable patterns is schizotypy. Low scorers on the unusual experiences subscale of the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences performed as expected on a yoked random-ratio (RR), random-interval…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Cognitive Processes, Behavior Patterns, Scores
Bradshaw, Ceri A.; Reed, Phil – Learning and Motivation, 2012
In three experiments, human participants pressed the space bar on a computer keyboard to earn points on random-ratio (RR) and random-interval (RI) schedules of reinforcement. Verbalized contingency awareness (CA) for each schedule was measured after the entire task (Experiments 1 and 2), or after each RR-RI trial (Experiment 3). In all three…
Descriptors: Intervals, Reinforcement, Computers, Task Analysis
Woods, Douglas W.; Himle, Michael B.; Miltenberger, Raymond G.; Carr, James E.; Osmon, David C.; Karsten, Amanda M.; Jostad, Candice; Bosch, Amanda – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2008
Chronic tic disorders are characterized by involuntary motor and vocal tics, which are influenced by contextual factors. Recent research has shown that (a) children can suppress tics for brief periods of time, (b) suppression is enhanced when programmed reinforcement is provided for tic-free intervals, and (c) short periods of suppression do not…
Descriptors: Intervals, Neurological Impairments, Reinforcement, Motor Reactions