This study investigates the effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) speaker as a device used for interactions in a foreign language (L2), and a tracking eye installed on the speaker to reduce L2 anxiety. L2 anxiety is an urgent issue since the anxiety derived from a fear of being judged, being negatively evaluated, or being rejected by…

In online discussion forums, many students' posts never receive a response, but it remains unclear whether this makes them feel ignored and causes emotional pain, negative social perceptions, and threatens fundamental psychological needs. Two studies support this prediction. Using an observational design, Study 1 showed that when students felt…

Quality education aims at the full participation by all learners. This requires identifying the strategies for overcoming the barriers to full participation for individuals and groups, which experience discrimination and marginalisation. Social inclusion is strengthened when hitherto uncovered and excluded population is brought into the mainstream…

Children in grades one through six evaluated same-sex classmates in terms of sociometric nominations (three children you "like best") and sociometric ratings (a six-point scale ranging from "like very much" to "like very little"). In addition, each child performed a recursive version of each of the tasks (i.e.,…

This study addressed three aspects of maternal thinking: the mother's capacity to respond with sensitivity to her infant, the mother's memories of being accepted by her own parents during childhood, and her view of herself as competent and loveable. The Mother-Father-Peer Scale was used to determine whether mothers felt accepted or rejected,…

Peer ratings on two semi-independent samples of peer-rejected elementary school boys and girls were analyzed to determine whether internalizing and externalizing subgroups could be identified statistically. Positive and negative nominations were obtained in classrooms from several hundred children across a period of two years. Each year rejected…

The purpose of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that individuals who engage in high disclosure of a cancer experience invite a significant degree of social rejection. Undergraduate students watched a videotaped interview with a male or female actor who engaged in either high or low disclosure of feelings surrounding an experience with…

Six sociometric measures were evaluated on a sample of 85 four-year-olds from three preschool and day care centers. Stability, intercorrelations, and accuracy of classifying rejected children were compared for measures of social preference, social impact, peer ratings, alternative status, and positive and negative nominations. Test-retest…

This study investigated the question of whether maternal employment during childhood predisposed a child to depression. One hundred and eight college students completed self-report measures of depression and retrospecive accounts of maternal absence due to employment. Forty-five of the subjects had mothers who had worked before they were 12 years…

A total of 14 kindergarten children participated in a story completion task in which they used doll play to enact a series of stories about family events. The children's mothers completed the Adult Attachment Interview, which measures adults' perceptions of their childhood family relationships. Doll play and interviews were rated for rejection and…

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between young children's sociometric status and their communication patterns. A total of 43 middle class children enrolled in three preschool classes were asked to select three children they liked to play with (measure of social acceptance) and three they did not like to play with (measure…

Examined were teacher perceptions of the classroom behavior of socially rejected, popular, and average children at prekindergarten, primary and later elementary grade levels. Teachers' personal preferences for children who differed in sociometric status were also investigated, as were the behavioral determinants of these preferences. Subjects were…

A study was made of the relationship between children's play behaviors and sociometric status, with particular attention to the influence of play materials on behavior. Subjects were 95 children, ranging in age from 44 to 60 months, attending 10 preschool classrooms. Sixty observations were made of each child's play behaviors. Sociometric measures…

Recent research indicates that a considerable number of children report extreme feelings of loneliness and that unpopular children are more lonely than popular children. The present study assessed feelings of loneliness in two subgroups of unpopular children: those who were rejected (low on positive and high on negative peer nominations) and those…

Recently, research has examined interpersonal factors that influence the maintenance of depression. Data suggest that depressives tend to alienate others in their social environment. This study examined rejection effects following repeated exposure to a stranger whose depressive symptomatology increased, decreased, or remained unchanged. Female…