An application of Bayesian factor analysis for evaluation of scale reliability is discussed, which is developed within the framework of latent variable modeling. The method permits direct point and interval estimation of the reliability coefficient of multiple-component measuring instruments using Bayesian inference. The approach allows also point…

A Bayesian statistics-based approach is discussed that can be used for direct evaluation of the popular Cronbach's coefficient alpha as an internal consistency index for multiple-component measuring instruments, as well as for testing its identity to scale reliability. The method represents an application of confirmatory factor analysis within the…

The procedures of carrying out factorial invariance to validate a construct were well developed to ensure the reliability of the construct that can be used across groups for comparison and analysis, yet mainly restricted to the frequentist approach. This motivates an update to incorporate the growing Bayesian approach for carrying out the Bayesian…

As generative artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT become increasingly integrated into educational environments, understanding their impact on critical thinking is crucial. Despite growing concerns about AI's potential to diminish students' independent reasoning, there is a lack of research tools specifically designed to evaluate students'…

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure individuals' and organizations' attitudes toward the use of ChatGPT, emphasizing the necessity for organizations to adapt to rapidly evolving information and technology environments. The methodology consisted of three stages. In the first stage, a 13-item draft scale was…

This study explores Saudi undergraduate students' perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in academic writing. Despite extensive research on AI in higher education, there is limited focus on academic writing, especially in the Saudi context. A survey of 189 students, proficient in English and enrolled in freshmen academic writing…

This study reports on the development, validation, and reliability of a geometry disposition scale (GDS) to measure pre-service teachers' (PSTs') attitudes to geometry learning. PSTs from two Colleges of Education (CoEs) in Ghana volunteered to participate in the study (N = 153). A principal component analysis (PCA) extracted four factors: deep…

In this ITEMS module, we frame the topic of scale reliability within a "confirmatory factor analysis" and "structural equation modeling" (SEM) context and address some of the limitations of Cronbach's a. This modeling approach has two major advantages: (1) it allows researchers to make explicit the relation between their items…

Individuals are controlled by tests in every advanced society when they want to be admitted in educational courses, to proceed from one stage to the next, or to be given a certificate (Shohamy, 2001b). Accordingly, the present study was carried out to construct and validate educational, social, and psychological consequences questionnaires of…

Conflict is everywhere as there are conflicts at educational organizations. One of the most affected groups from conflicts is administrators who are bridges between teachers and parents, supervisors. The aims of this study are to determine which strategies the school administrators use and how often they use these strategies and whether their…

This study was aimed to develop a valid and reliable perception scale in order to determine the perceptions of pre-service teachers towards the use of WebQuest in mathematics teaching. The study was conducted with 115 junior and senior pre-service teachers at Balikesir University's Faculty of Education, Computer Education and Instructional…

The purpose of this study was to develop and psychometrically test the Collaboration in the Clinical Learning Environment (CCLE) Tool. The researcher acknowledged two distinct populations that required input into this particular tool development: staff nurses who work on floors that are considered clinical learning environments for students, and…

Purpose: The strategic learning perspective has attracted increased interest among strategic management scholars, yet the operationalisation of this concept is still in its infancy. The aim of this study is to develop a multidimensional understanding of the strategic learning process and to build an instrument to measure this concept.…

The "e-rater"® automated essay scoring system is used operationally in the scoring of the argument and issue tasks that form the Analytical Writing measure of the "GRE"® General Test. For each of these tasks, this study explored the value added of reporting 4 trait scores for each of these 2 tasks over the total e-rater score.…

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of the level of trust of primary school teachers towards their organization in relation to their perceptions of the school having a culture of teacher leadership. Participants of the study consisted of 378 teachers working in Burdur public primary schools. The data collection tool used two…